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Montecassino, Archivio della Badia, 542

Antiphoner from Monte Cassino. 12th century. Beneventan notation on a dry-point staff. Incomplete, containing only the pars hiemalis, with lacunae at the beginning and between the Advent Ember Days and Christmas. 194 pages.
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Pp. 1-194: Winter Temporale and Sanctorale. 1, Advent Ember Days (incomplete, lacuna); 3, Christmas (beginning lost); 9, Stephen; 30, Silvester; 34, Epiphany; 44, Ferial Office; 69, Sundays after Epiphany; 70, Maurus; 87, Vincent; 89, Purification; 100, Scholastica; 105, Benedict; 113, Annunciation; 115, Septuagesima; 130, Ash Wednesday; 169, Palm Sunday; 186, Holy Thursday; 192, Mandatum.
The manuscript is devoted almost exclusively to chants of the Gregorian tradition, but there are a few links to the Beneventan musical tradition: the antiphons for the feasts of Benedict, Scholastica, Vincent, and Silvester show some influence of the Beneventan musical style.

The ferial Office is organized according to the secular cursus except that extra antiphons are provided for the canticles of the third nocturn of Matins. Chants not found in CAO are assigned numbers beginning with an "mca".

Selected Bibliography

Livljanic, Katarina. "L'antiphonaire note cassinien (Monte Cassino, Archivio della Badia, ms. 542)." Ph.D. diss., École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Paris), 1998.

The computer file was prepared by Katarina Livljanic (École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris) with the editorial assistance of Keith Glaeske at The Catholic University of America.

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Monza, Biblioteca capitolare, 15/79

12th-century antiphoner from St. Mayeul (Pavia, Italy). Dry- point staff. Cathedral cursus. 273 folios. Almost complete (ends in the Common of Apostles).
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1-176: Temporale. 1r, First Sunday of Advent; 21r, Great "O" Antiphons; 23v, Christmas; 32r, Epiphany; 39v, Ferial Office; 50r, Septuagesima; 93r, Maundy Thursday; 104r, Easter Sunday; 129v, Pentecost; 135r, Antiphons "Ad Benedicite"; 136r, Summer Histories; 163v, Trinity; 168v, Sundays after Pentecost.
Ff. 177-272v: Sanctorale (two sections of folios have been bound out of order). 177r, Stephen; 188v, Silvester; 200v, Agatha; 201r, Philip and James; 201r, Finding of the Cross; 202v, Exaltation of the Cross; 203v, Syrus; 214r, Peter; 217r, Agatha; 221v, Common of Paschal Martyrs; 223v, Philip and James; 225r, Peter; 235r, Assumption; 240v, Nativity of Mary; 244r, alternate Matins service for Assumption; 246r, Exaltation of the Cross; 253v, All Saints' Day; 268r, Andrew.
Ff. 272v-273: Common of Apostles (incomplete).
The index follows the Arabic folio numbers in the upper right-hand corner of each recto, although damage to the codex has often obscured them. These numbers were added after two groups of folios had been bound out of order in the Sanctorale section: the table below records their correct sequence.

1-200: Temporale and Sanctorale to Agatha
217-224: Agatha to Phillip and James
201-216: Phillip and James to Peter
225-273: Peter to Common of Apostles

No folios appear to have been lost due to this mistake; however, there is a remarkable and unexplained absence of the Sanctorale in the manuscript during the month of July, indicated by the leap from the single antiphon for St. Mustiola (July 3) to St. Laurence (August 10) on f. 231r.

The confusion caused by the binding error is compounded by the manuscript's occasionally unusual liturgical ordering. For example, music for the Exaltation of the Cross (September 14) appears in two locations: f. 202v, following the Finding of the Cross (May 3); and f. 246r, in its expected position. A similar arrangement occurs for music for the feast of the Assumption (August 15): in the expected position for this feast (f. 235r), the invitatory and series of responsories appear to be of northern Italian provenance (with concordances only with Hesbert's Ivrea and Verona manuscripts in CAO); more widely disseminated chants are included as alternates for the Matins of Assumption but in an unexpected location, following the Nativity of Mary (f. 244r).

Some of the peculiar arrangements in the Temporale seem to reflect a relaxed approach to the liturgical assignment of chants or series of chants. For example, antiphons presumably for the psalms of Lauds following the Octave of Easter (f. 116v), but not assigned to any particular day, are followed by a list of antiphons "in evangelio" for the five Paschal Sundays following the Octave (f. 117r), including the Sunday after Ascension.

These lists of antiphons are succeeded by two series of Paschal responsories (beginning on f. 120v and f. 123r), separated only by a single antiphon. The only rubric which gives any indication of the liturgical function of these chants precedes the first set of responsories and indicates that some of their texts are taken from the book of Revelations. These responsories are then followed by the feast of the Ascension (f. 125v). (The Common of Paschal Martyrs, it should be noted, has been included within the Sanctorale, f. 221v.)

Lack of adequate rubrics makes the assignment of chants to a particular liturgical occasion difficult in other cases, as well. Clusters of antiphons and responsories during the pre-Lenten penitential season are given no rubrics at all: their assignment by the indexers to Septuagesima, Sexagesima, or Quinquagesima is somewhat arbitrary. The same is true for a series of antiphons presumably intended for Eastertide memorials to the True Cross (f. 107r). In order to reflect the manuscript's lack of specificity, some fields in the index (liturgical occasion, Office, and position) have been assigned very general designations.

Unfortunately, water and other damage have rendered many of the folios largely, if not completely, illegible. Faint or invisible musical notation has led the indexers to indicate uncertain modal or differentia assignments by question marks. However, the only folios actually missing from the manuscript are at the end. Some information concerning the missing Common of Martyrs may be reconstructed from incipits listed as alternate chants on the feast of the Holy Innocents (ff. 185v-187v).

Differentiae have been numbered arbitrarily, and all chants not found in CAO have been assigned numbers prefixed by "mza".

The computer file was prepared by Charles Downey, Keith Glaeske, and Denise Gallo at The Catholic University of America.

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München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 4303, 4304, 4305, 4306

Antiphoners from the Benedictine monastery of SS. Ulrich and Afra in Augsburg. All with four-line staves and square notation. Monastic cursus.

Clm 4303

Winter Temporale, 263 folios, written in 1459 by Frater Johannes from Melk, engaged by abbot Melchior von Stammheim (1458-1474).
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r, First Sunday of Advent; 30v, Great ‘O’ Antiphons; 50v, Christmas; 62v; Stephen; 93v, Epiphany; 114r, Dominical and Ferial Offices; 141v, Septuagesima; 166v, Ash Wednesday; 225v, Palm Sunday; 247v, Triduum; 261v, Gloria patri tones and miscellaneous material.

Clm 4306

Summer Temporale, 250 folios, written in 1501 by Frater Erasmus Huber, partly shortened office, especially on weekdays.
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r, First Sunday of Advent; 8r, Great 'O' Antiphons; 11v, Christmas; 22r, Stephen; 35r, Epiphany; 46r, Septuagesima; 49v, Ash Wednesday; 57v, Palm Sunday; 66r, Triduum; 77v, Easter; 89r, Ascension; 96r, Pentecost; 104r, Trinity; 108v, Corpus Christi; 116v, Histories; 119v, Sundays after Pentecost; 127v, Chants for the Summer Months & Histories.
Ff. 136r, Andrew; 137r, Nicholas; 138v, Lucy; 142v, Purification; 155r, Benedict; 162v, Annunciation; 168v, Finding of the Cross; 171v, John the Baptist; 182v, Visitation; 186r, Ulrich; 195r, Mary Magdalene; 196r, Afra; 206v, Laurence; 209v, Assumption; 216r, Nativity of Mary; 222v, Michael; 225v, Simpert; 229r, All Saints; 233v, Martin; 236v, miscellaneous material.

Clm 4305

Sanctorale, 227 folios, written in 1459 by Frater Johannes from Melk, engaged by abbot Melchior von Stammheim (1458-1474).
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r, Andrew; 6v, Nicholas; 11v, Lucy; 14v, Maurus; 15v, Agnes; 21r, Conversion of Paul; 22r, Purification of Mary; 32v, Agatha; 38v, Scholastica; 41v, Peter’s Chair; 42r, George; 46r, Benedict; 55v, Annunciation of Mary; 63v, Philip and James; 65r, Finding of the Cross; 69v, John the Baptist; 80r, John and Paul; 82v, Peter and Paul; 90v, Paul; 102r, Visitation of Mary; 114v, Ulrich; 125v, Mary Magdalene; 129v, Peter in Chains; 130r, Afra; 144r, Laurence; 155v, Hilarius; 155v, Assumption of Mary; 163r, Beheading of John the Baptist.; 166r, Nativity of Mary; 174r Exaltation of the Cross; 175r, Michael; 185v, Narcissus; 186r, All Saints’ Day; 192r, Martin; 201v, Cecilia; 207v, Clement; 211r, Gloria patri; 211v, Votive Offices for Mary; 214v, Ulrich; 217r, Simpert.

Clm 4304

Commune Sanctorum, 97 folios, written in 1519 by Frater Leonhard Wagner, famous as a manuscript illuminator.
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-54r, Common of Saints. 54v, Saints in Eastertide. 62r, Dedication of a church. 72r, Votive Offices for Mary. 76v, Alleluia. 77r, Office of the Dead.
The antiphoners from the monastery of SS Ulrich and Afra in Augsburg represent the oldest complete Office chant tradition of the so-called Melk Reform. Several are preserved in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, while others are now in the Staats- und Stadtbibliothek Augsburg. (The later antiphoner Clm 4306 was chosen as a source for the summer temporale, despite curtailment of the Office, because apparently no other codex has survived.)
Otherwise the tradition can be found in books produced only later, from the monastery of Ebersberg (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 5801) and (much abbreviated) from the monastery of Lorch (Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Mus. I. 63+64). Only one witness to this late medieval monastic reform of the liturgy is known from the monastery of Melk itself: an antiphoner for the day hours only, Melk 756.

In the antiphoners from SS Ulrich and Afra, apart from the Offices for the local saints Afra, Ulrich and Simpert, there are two rhymed offices typical of the Melk tradition, for Benedict and the Visitation of Mary. Also typical of this tradition is the announcement of the Roman origin of the chants "secundum rubricam romanam". All these 'Melk' codices are exactly concordant in the order of chants and the melodies. This is not a typical South German tradition (like, for instance, the Hirsau tradition in Karlsruhe LX and many other manuscripts) but a Roman tradition from the early 13th century. The tradition adopted by the reformers at the monastery of Melk was that of the Benedictine monastery of Subiaco. They took over not only the consuetudines but also the liturgical tradition of the Office and the Holy Mass. This tradition is completely different from South German traditions (and also presumably from the tradition of SS Ulrich and Afra before the Melk reform was introduced). Nor is the Subiaco tradition an old Italian, Benedictine tradition such as that preserved in the Lucca antiphoner (Lucca 601), but one based on the usage of the papal court in the Lateran church, which seems to have been instituted in the early 13th century during the pontificate of the popes Innocent III (1198-1216) and Honorius III (1216-1227). (The question of how far the canons of St. Fridian in Lucca influenced this tradition remains to be answered.)

This train of events explains the closeness of the Augsburg codices in the Melk tradition to early Franciscan codices. (Much the same pattern is to be observed in books of the Olivetan reform, beginning in the year 1313, which have the same order of the chants and the "rubrica romana"). There are some small differences in the melodies, but not many. All these reforms are marked by an adaptation of the secular to the monastic cursus, an abbreviation of the Office, a uniform practice of modal assignments and differentiae, and, finally, a limitation of the ambitus.

All the chants, provided with note incipits and integrated in a web database, can be researched on www.cantus-augusta.de.

Differentiae have been provided with a two-character code within each mode; the letter indicates the final pitch and the number has been assigned arbitrarily. All chants not found in CAO have been assigned numbers prefixed by "ulr".

The computer file was prepared by Robert Klugseder (Universitãt Regensburg) with editorial assistance from Debra Lacoste (The University of Western Ontario).

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München, Franziskanerkloster St. Anna - Bibliothek, 12o Cmm 1

Franciscan breviary from central Italy. Possibly early thirteenth century, after 1235. 170 x 110 mm. Central-Italian staff notation. Cathedral Cursus. 361 folios.
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1-5: Early Franciscan kalendar. Ff. 6: Ordines for visiting the sick, the commendation of souls and the Office of the Dead.
Ff. 12-152: Temporale. 12r, First Sunday of Advent; 31r, Christmas; 34r, Stephen; 44r, Epiphany; 51r, Dominical Office; 56r, Ferial suffrages; 63r, Septuagesima; 72r, Ash Wednesday; 101r, Triduum; 110v, Easter; 128r, Pentecost; 132r, Histories.
Ff. 153-203: Sanctorale. 153r, Andrew; 155v, Lucy; 157r, Agnes; 160r, Conversion of Paul; 160v, Purification; 163v, Agatha; 166r, Annuncitaion; 167v, Peter’s Chair; 169v, Philip and James; 170r, Finding of the Cross; 172v, John the Baptist; 176v, Peter and Paul; 183v, Laurence; 186v, Assumption; 189r, Beheading of John the Baptist; 189v, Nativity of Mary; 191v, Exaltation of the Cross; 192v, Michael; 195v, All Saints; 197v, Martin; 200r, Cecilia; 202r, Clement.
Ff. 203-217: Common of Saints. Ff. 218-220: Dedication of a Church. Ff. 220-227: Invitatory tones. Ff. 227-229: Votive Offices for Mary. Ff. 229: Ordo for grace at meals and other blessings. Ff. 230-281: Lectionary for Temporale.
Ff. 281-285: Office for Francis of Assisi.
Ff. 286-321: Lectionary for Sanctorale. Ff. 322-329: Hymnal. Ff. 330-353: Psalter. Ff. 353-355: Mass Ordinary chants. Ff. 356-361: Lectionary for Commune.
The latest material in the manuscript appears to be Julian of Speyer’s Office of Francis, which has been dated recently to approximately 1235 (Miskuly, 1989).

An addition (possibly from the fourteenth century) has been made to the kalendar of the feast of the Roman church, St. Pancras de secretario (van Dijk, 1956). Other additions to the kalendar have been associated by van Dijk with a mid-thirteenth century Roman liturgical reform, (also van Dijk, 1956), suggesting that the manuscript was in Rome perhaps as early as the thirteenth century.

The differentiae of each mode have been numbered with a two-digit system: an upper-case letter indicating the final pitch of the differentia and a sequentially ordered numeral. Differentiae that vary in terms only of immediately repeated notes, presence/absence of liquesence or neumation are give the same differentia code, but are distinguished with a lowercase letter in the first column of the “Extra” field (see File Description).

Chants not found in CAO have been assigned arbitrary numbers beginning with "fra". The codes for differentiae and chants not found in CAO in this index are consistent with those used for the other Franciscan manuscripts in the database:

Assisi, Biblioteca comunale, 693
Assisi, Biblioteca comunale, 694
Assisi, Cattedrale San Rufino - Archivio e Biblioteca, 5
Budapest, Egyetemi Könyvtár (University Library), lat. 118, 119, 122, 121
Chicago, Newberry Library, 24
Città del Vaticano (Roma), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, lat. 8737
Fribourg (Switzerland), Bibliothèèque des Cordeliers, 2
Napoli, Biblioteca nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III, vi. E. 20

Selected Bibliography
Mitchell, Andrew W. “The Chant of the Earliest Franciscan Liturgy.” Ph.D. diss., The Unversity of Western Ontario, 2003.
Miskuly, Jason M. “Julian of Speyer: Life of St. Francis.” Franciscan Studies 49 (1989): 93-115.
van Dijk, S.J.P. “Some Manuscripts of the Earliest Franciscan Liturgy (ii).” Franciscan Studies 16 (1956): 60-101.
____________, and Joan Hazelden Walker. The Origins of the Modern Roman Liturgy: The Liturgy of the Papal Court and the Franciscan Order in the Thirteenth Century London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1960.

The computer index was prepared by Andrew Mitchell at The University of Western Ontario.

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Münster Antiphoner (1537)

Antiphoner printed in Cologne by Hero Alopecius (Fuchs) in 1537 for the diocese of Münster in Westphalia: Antiphonarium, Omnia pia Canonicarum horarum cantica: secundum ordinem atque vsum Ecclesie et diocesis Monasteriensis: complectens, iam primum summa diligentia excusum. 425 x 290 mm. Hufnagelschrift on five-line staves with F and C clefs. Cathedral cursus. 490 leaves, printed foliation (with mistakes) 2-501, fol. 330 follows fol. 319 and fol. 493 follows fol. 491 (without lacunae).
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 2r-214v: Temporale. 2r, First Sunday of Advent; 23r, O antiphons; 24r, Christmas; 33r, Stephen; 38r, John the Evangelist; 42v, Holy Innocents; 50r, Octave of Christmas; 52v, Octave of Stephen; 54r, Octave of John the Evangelist; 55r, Octave of Holy Innocents; 55r, Epiphany; 61v, Octave of Epiphany; 67r, Ferial Office; 76r, Septuagesima; 86r, Ash Wednesday; 112v, Passion Sunday; 119r, Palm Sunday; 126r, Maundy Thursday; 136v, Easter Sunday; 146r, Octave of Easter; 158v, Ascension; 164r, Pentecost; 170v, Trinity; 176r, Corpus Christi; 180v, Summer Histories; 204v, Sundays after Pentecost.
Ff. 215r-215v: Responsory verse tones. Ff. 216r-216v: Votive Offices.
Ff. 217r - 238r: Common of the Saints. Ff. 238v-244r: Antiphons "ad Suffragium".
Ff. 245r-312v: Sanctorale. 245r, Andrew; 249v, Nicholas; 253v, Octave of Andrew; 254v, Conception of Mary; 259r, Translation of Patroclus; 264r, Lucy; 265v, Octave of Conception; 269v, Thomas; 269v, Paul the Hermit; 269v, Anthony; 269v, Fabian and Sebastian; 273v, Agnes; 277v, Vincent; 282v, Conversion of Paul; 287v, Purification of Mary; 291v, Blaise; 292r, Agatha; 296v, Dorothy; 296v, Peter's Chair; 300r, Matthias; 300r, Walburga; 300v, Gregory the Great; 304v, Gertrude of Nivelles; 304v, Annunciation of Mary; 308r, Liudger; 312v, Ambrose.
Ff. 312v-316v: Common of the Saints in Eastertide.
Ff. 316v-501v: Sanctorale. 316v, George; 319r, Translation of Liudger; 319v, Mark; 319v, Philip and James; 330v, Elevation of Elizabeth's relics; 330v, Finding of the Cross; 333r, Florian; 333r, John before the Latin Gate; 333v, Pancras and Companions; 336r, Servais; 336r, Boniface; 336r, Vitus; 340v, John the Baptist; 344v, John and Paul; 346r, Victoria Pauli; 346r, Seven Sleepers of Ephesus (on 27 June in Münster); 346r, Peter and Paul; 351v, Paul; 356r, Visitation of Mary; 361r, Octave of Peter and Paul; 362r, Sending forth of the Apostles; 367v, Mary Magdalene; 372r, Liborius; 372v, James the Greater; 375v, Anne, Mother of Mary; 376r, Translation of the Three Kings; 381r, Charles the Great; 386r, Peter in Chains; 387v, Stephen I, Pope; 387v, Finding of Stephen; 393r, Walburga (departure from England); 393v, Oswald; 393v, Afra; 393v, Cyriacus and Companions; 393v, Laurence; 398v, Tiburtius and Susanna; 399r, Hippolytus; 400v, Assumption of Mary; 405r, Anne, Mother of Mary; 409r, Octave of Laurence; 409r, Helen, Finder of the Cross; 413v, Octave of Assumption of Mary; 413v, Symphorian and Timothy; 413v, Bartholomew; 413v, Augustine; 413v, Hermes; 414v, Beheading of John the Baptist; 419r, Giles; 419r, Victorinus, martyr; 420r, Birthday of Mary; 420r, Gorgonius; 420r, Exaltation of the Cross; 421v, Octave of Birthday of Mary; 421v, Nicomedes; 421v, Euphemia; 421v, Lambert; 426r, Matthew; 426v, Maurice and Companions; 430v, Cosmas and Damian; 431v, Jerome; 431v, Michael the Archangel; 436r, Dedication of a Church; 441r, Remigius; 446r, Translation of Liudger; 446r, Denis; 448v, Gereon and Companions; 452v, Luke; 453r, 11,000 Virgins; 458r, Severus; 458r, Chrysanthus and Daria; 461v, Simon and Jude; 461v, Translation of the brothers Ewald; 461v, Quentin; 461v, All Saints' Day; 465r Translation of Victorinus and Florian; 469r, Hubert; 469r, Martin; 472v, Cunibert; 472v, Brice; 473v Elizabeth of Hungary; 477v, Cecilia; 481v, Clement I; 482v, Catherine; 487r, Holy Lance; 489v, Compassion of Mary; 493v, Transfiguration of Jesus; 498r, Presentation of Mary.
This book forms part of the "opus tripartitum" (including a gradual [1536] and a noted ferial psalter [1537] , that the Cologne printer Hero Alopecius (Fuchs) produced for the diocese of Münster after the Anabaptists had destroyed many liturgical books in the city during their "kingdom of a thousand years" in 1534-35. It is a rich source of historia with plainchant texts and melodies that are unique, or nearly unique, to antiphoners and noted breviaries written for use in the diocese of Münster. In addition to the office for St Liudger (Analecta Hymnica [AH] 26, no. 91), the first bishop of the diocese, one can single out the offices for St. Patroclus (not in AH), the Conversion of St. Paul (AH 28, no. 43), the Sending Forth of the Apostles (AH 5, no. 22), the Translation of the Three Kings (AH 5, no. 23), the Beheading of John the Baptist (AH 26, no. 51), Sts. Chrysanthus and Daria (AH 25, no. 73) and the Holy Lance (partly in AH 5, no. 7). All of these offices are part of a work in progress at the University of Cape Town that will include critical editions of the texts and melodies.

Chants not found in CAO have been assigned arbitrary numbers beginning with "mon". The differentiae of each mode have been numbered with a two-digit system: an upper-case letter indicating the final pitch of the differentia and a sequentially ordered numeral. The codes for differentiae and chants not found in CAO will be retained for the manuscript sources from the diocese of Münster that are currently being indexed.

Two breviary manuscript sources, containing the cathedral liturgy of Münster, were consulted in order to clarify Feast Name, Office and Position entries in the index for which the printed Antiphoner provides unclear or insufficient information: Münster, Nordrhein-Westfälisches Staatsarchiv, Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde Westfalens, Abt. Münster, Msc. 97 and Msc. 273 (D-MÜsa MSS AV97 and AV273). The Fraterherren of Münster wrote both of these volumes: the former (1464), containing the winter and spring parts, was written for Hermann von Langen, Dean of the Münster cathedral, while the latter (ca. 1480), containing the summer and winter parts was written for a canon of the same cathedral.

Selected Bibliography

Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München & Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel. Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des XVI. Jahrhunderts, http://www.vd16.de
Bohatta, Hanns. Bibliographie der Breviere 1501-1850, 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1963, p. 227 no. 2465 (incorrectly identified as a breviary).
Bömer, Alois & Hermann Degering, eds. Westfälisches Bibliographie zur Geschichte, Landeskunde und Volkskunde 1: Abt. A-K. Münster: Regensberg, 1955, p. 291 no. J 1049 (with the incorrect date of 1527).
Börsting, Heinrich. Inventar des Bischöflichen Diözesanarchivs in Münster. Inventare der nichtstaatslichen Archive der Provinz Westfalen, Beiband III: Regierungsbezirk Münster: Bischöfliches Diözesanarchiv in Münster. Münster: Aschendorff, 1937, pp. 91-94, 514.
Haller, Bertram. "Liturgische Handschriften und Drucke des Bistums Münster im Spiegel der Buchgeschichte", in Benedikt Kranemann & Klemens Richter, eds. Zwischen römischer Einheitsliturgie und diözesaner Eigenverantwortung: Gottesdienst im Bistum Münster. Münsteraner Theologische Abhandlungen 48. Altenberge: Oros, 1997.
Ossing, Hans. Untersuchungen zum Antiphonale Monasteriense (Alopecius-Druck 1537), ein Vergleich mit den Handschriften des Münsterlandes, 2 vols. Kölner Beiträge zur Musikforschung 39. Regensburg: Gustav Bosse, 1966.
University of Michigan. Renaissance liturgical imprints: a census (RELICS), http://quod.lib.umich.edu/r/relics

The computer file was prepared by Morné Bezuidenhout and Danette Brink (University of Cape Town) with editorial assistance from Kate Helsen and Debra Lacoste (The University of Western Ontario).

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Napoli, Biblioteca nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III, vi. E. 20

Franciscan breviary from central Italy. Second half of the thirteenth century. 200 x 155mm. Central-Italian staff notation. Cathedral Cursus. 429 folios.
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-219v: Temporale. 1r, First Sunday of Advent; 24v, Christmas; 28r, Stephen; 42v, Epiphany; 51r, Dominical and Ferial Offices; 67v, Septuagesima; 80r, Ash Wednesday; 123v, Triduum; 136r, Easter; 166v, Pentecost; 172r, Histories.
Ff. 225r-226v: General Rubrics. Ff. 227r-255r: Psalter. Ff. 255v-256v: Psalm tones, added rubrics.
Ff. 257r-352r: Sanctorale. 257r, Andrew; 261v, Lucy; 266r, Agnes; 271v, Purification; 275r, Agatha; 278v, Peter’s Chair (incomplete); lacuna; 281r, Annunciation; lacuna (within the provisions for saints in Eastertide); 286r, Philip and James; 293r, John the Baptist; 298v, Peter and Paul; 314r, Laurence; 319r, Assumption; 327r, Nativity of Mary; 334r, Michael; 339v, All Saints; 343r, Martin; 347r, Cecilia; 350v, Clement.
Ff. 352r-381r: Common of Saints. Ff. 381r-385r: Dedication of a Church. Ff. 385r-388v: Office of the Dead. Ff. 389r-390v: Votive Offices for Mary. Ff. 391r-398v: Hymnal.
Ff. 398v-403v: Saints’s Offices. 398v, Francis (interior lacuna); 408r, Clare; 411r, Elizabeth of Hungary; 413r, Anthony of Padua; 415v, Dominic (prayer and readings only). F. 416v: Prayers for local saints of Tróia (identified by van Dijk, 1956). Ff. 417r-419r: Parisian table for antiphons in Advent. Ff. 420r-425: Invitatory tones, Te deum. Ff. 427-429r: Kalendar.
Van Dijk identified a number of saints (included as later additions to the kalendar) that have particular local significance in the southern Italian centre of Tróia, between Benevento and Foggia (van Dijk, 1956, pp. 73-77). However the location where the manuscript was originally copied is unknown.

The breviary appears to date (at the earliest) from the second half of the thirteenth century, since the lections included for the Office of Francis (in the main hand of the manuscript) have been dated to the mid-1200s (Armstrong, vol. 2, 471).

The differentiae of each mode have been numbered with a two-digit system: an upper-case letter indicating the final pitch of the differentia and a sequentially ordered numeral. Differentiae that vary in terms only of immediately repeated notes, presence/absence of liquesence or neumation are give the same differentia code, but are distinguished with a lowercase letter in the first column of the “Extra” field (see File Description). Chants not found in CAO have been assigned arbitrary numbers beginning with "fra". The codes for differentiae and chants not found in CAO in this index are consistent with those used for the other Franciscan manuscripts in the database:

Assisi, Biblioteca comunale, 693
Assisi, Biblioteca comunale, 694
Assisi, Cattedrale San Rufino - Archivio e Biblioteca, 5
Budapest, Egyetemi Könyvtár (University Library), lat. 118, 119, 122, 121
Chicago, Newberry Library, 24
Città del Vaticano (Roma), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, lat. 8737
Fribourg (Switzerland), Bibliothèèque des Cordeliers, 2
München, Bayersiche Staatsbibliothek, 12o Cmm 1 (St. Anna Kloster)

Selected Bibliography
Armstrong, Regis J. et al., ed. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. 3 volumes. New York: New City Press, 1999-2001.
Mitchell, Andrew W. “The Chant of the Earliest Franciscan Liturgy.” Ph.D. diss., The Unversity of Western Ontario, 2003.
van Dijk, S.J.P. “Some Manuscripts of the Earliest Franciscan Liturgy (ii).” Franciscan Studies 16 (1956): 60-101.

The computer index was prepared by Andrew Mitchell at the University of Western Ontario.

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Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Canon. liturg. 202

Antiphoner. Thirteenth century, orginally from southern Germany (?). Owned in the fourteenth century by the collegiate church of St. Peter’s in Sondrio (Lombardy). Non-diastematic neumatic notation. 152 folios (2 blank at both beginning and end); 20 lines per folio. 255 x 195 mm.

According to van Dijk, “capitals mostly in red with yellow brushstrokes, some coloured initials.”
Liturgical Occasions “at a glance” (refer to the index for complete contents):
Ff. 001v-079v: Winter Temporale and Sanctorale. 001v, Advent; 005v, Nicholas; 007v, Lucy; 015r, Christmas; 018r, Stephen; 020v, John the Evangelist; 022v, Holy Innocents; 024r, Thomas Becket; 028r, Epiphany; 031v, Ferial Office; 036v, Fabian and Sebastian; 038r, Agnes; 040r, Purification of Mary; 042r, Agatha; 043v, Peter's Chair; 044r, Gregory; 045v, Annunciation of Mary; 047r, Septuagesima; 051r, Lent; 060r, Passion Sunday; 063r, Palm Sunday; 064v, Holy Week; 067r, Triduum.
Ff. 071v-121v: Summer Temporale and Sanctorale. 071v, Easter; 080r, Adalbert; 080v, Mark; 081r, Philip and James; 082v, Finding of the Cross; 084r, Florian; 084v, Ascension; 086v, Pentecost; 089r, Trinity; 090v, John the Baptist; 092r, John and Paul; 093r, Peter and Paul; 095r, Paul; 097r, Margaret; 098v, Mary Magdalene; 101v, Laurence; 103r, Hippolytus; 104r, Assumption; 106r, Beheading of John the Baptist; 107r, Birthday of Mary; 108v, Holy Cross; 109v, Michael the Archangel; 111v, Jerome; 111v, Remigius; 111v, Gall; 113v, All Saints; 115r, Martin; 117r, Brice; 117v, Cecilia; 119r, Clement; 119v, Andrew.
Ff. 121v-129r: Common of Saints. Ff. 129r-131r: Dedication of a Church. Ff. 131r-139v: Summer Histories. Ff. 139v-142r: Sundays after Pentecost. Ff. 142v-148v: Hymns.
A note written on fol. 1v in 1361 by a Tuscan priest (as transcribed by van Dijk) indicates that the book was in Lombardy by the fourteenth century:

Nota quod ego presbiter Tuscanus canonicus ecclesie sancti Petri et capellanus de Sundrio accepi librum istum mutuo ab ecclesia sancti Petri. submillesimo.ccc.lxj indict.xiij.

Frere’s suggestion of a connection to the Dominican Order has not been confirmed. Contributing to the suggestion of south German provenance are the Offices of Florian and Gall. On page 309 of Young (1967), there is an edition of the text of the Easter play (beginning Quis revolvit) and on page 690, the rubric describing the ceremony of the Visitatio Sepulchri (72v-73r). The latter is also found on page 900 of Young’s The Harrowing of Hell, along with an edition of the rubric describing of the Elevatio Crucis (71v).

This manuscript contains some examples of multiple Offices or parts of Offices for individual liturgical occasions. Examples occur for the feasts of St. Stephen and St. John the Evangelist (alternate antiphons for the three nocturns of Matins are given before a complete Matins office), for the Common of Many Martyrs (an alternate set of antiphons for Lauds is given) and for the summer historia De Regum. In this last case, the first of the ferial antiphons (and by extension, probably the entire set) are indicated as an alternative under the rubric “alio modo.”

Modes for responsories are provisional; they are being proposed according to an analysis of the neume patterns found in responsory verses and the modal designations of corresponding responsories in other sources represented in the database. This analysis has demonstrated that the standard verse tones are consistently represented within these leaves by neume patterns distinctive for each mode. Because of their provisional nature, all mode numbers for responsories in the file are followed by a question mark. Where there is any ambiguity (such as in cases where a non-standard tone is given for a verse or where the verse cannot be sufficiently read), a mode has not been assigned.

Chants not found in CAO have been assigned arbitrary numbers beginning with "bod".

Selected Bibliography
Frere, Walter ed.Bibliotheca Musico Liturgica: A Descriptive Hand-List of the Musical and Latin Liturgical Manuscripts of the Middle Ages Preserved in the Libraries of Great Britain and Ireland.2 vols. London, 1894-1934; reprint, Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1967.
Hesbert, Renato-Joanne. Corpus Antiphonalium Officii. Vol. V, Fontes Earumque Prima Ordinatio. Rome: Casa Editrice Herder, 1975.
van Dijk, S. J. P. Handlist of the Latin Liturgical Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library Oxford, 7 vols. Unpublished Typescript, 1957-60.
Young, Karl. The Drama of the Medieval Church. 2 vols. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1933; reprint, 1967.
_________. The Harrowing of Hell. Reprinted from volume 16, part 2 of The Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. September, 1909.

The computer index was prepared by Kate Helsen (Universität Regensburg) and Andrew Mitchell with editorial assistance from Andrew Mitchell and Elizabeth Sander (The University of Western Ontario).

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Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Laud Misc. 284

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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 1085

Abbreviated antiphoner; last quarter of the 10th century; from the church of the Holy Savior (Sancti Salvatoris Mundi) in the monastery of St. Martial de Limoges. 112 fols.; 225 x 95 mm. Non-diastematic Aquitanian neumes.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1v-2v: fragment of a roll of the dead; 3r: chants for the Easter season; 3v-98r: Temporale and Sanctorale combined. 15r, Christmas Day; 26r-32r, Ferial Office; 58v, Easter Sunday; 68r, Pentecost; 7v, Valeria; 39r, Benedict; 92r, George; 73r, Marcellinus and Peter; 73r, Médard; 76v, Martial; 77v, Octave of Martial; 93v, All Saints; 90r-103v: Common of Saints; 104r-v: chants for Martial, Benedict, and Easter; 105r-110v: Summer Histories; 111v-112r: fragment of a roll of the dead.
About the Antiphoner
This manuscript is one of the earliest complete antiphoners, athough the majority of the chants are abbreviated. From the Basilica of the Holy Savior in the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Martial, Limoges, it was acquired on September 5, 1730, by the Bibliothèque du Roy, along with 203 other manuscripts that were preserved at St. Martial. The date of the manuscript is the subject of much debate by scholars. Some features of the manuscript suggest a relatively early date. Spellings (ae) and letter-forms (the loop over the e; the open a) often reflect an early usage, out-dated even in the late tenth century. In the original layer of the manuscript, the Office structure itself had not yet reached the final medieval form. In addition, the first translation of St. Martial is mentioned (fol. 91v), but not the second, which took place in 994.

Other features point to a relatively late date. The gathering formed by fols. 105-110 is a palimpsest, with the antiphoner written over a notated processional. The notation of the processional is diastematic, though still lacking a dry-point line. Thus, the state of Aquitanian notation by the time Paris 1085 was copied was not as primitive as the unheighted neumes (probably due to lack of space) in the antiphoner suggest. Erasures in the office of Martial (fols. 77r-78r) show that the manuscript was still in use in 1029 when Martial was elevated from a confessor to an apostle, but there is no sign of the new office written for him at this time to replace the older, non-apostolic one. Furthermore, there is no mention of the dedication of the new basilica at the monastery the year before, in 1028. Thus the manuscript seems to have dropped out of use about this time. The numerous additions in the text and the margins by many different hands indicate a manuscript that was in use for a long period of time. This suggests a date for the original layer of several decades before 1029, to allow the manuscript to change hands at least once during its working life. An original date in the 980s seems reasonable.

The manuscript shows every sign of being copied by a cantor for his own use. Only the responsory verses are regularly copied out in full, while the majority of the antiphons and responsories are abbreviated. One feature of the manuscript is the presense of multiple responsory verses, usually two, for each great responsory. The responsory verses also receive the majority of the musical notation. At every point, it is clear that the scribe was intimately familiar with the material he was copying. Not only are there very few mistakes, but the text is highly abbreviated, requiring a reader who already knows the repertory well. Some of the musical notation is probably part of the original layer, but much of it has been copied later, along with several additions to the text in various hands. Most notable among these later additions are the Roman numerals indicating the mode of the chants.

The text of the manuscript is small and often very difficult to read. Furthermore, the manuscript has been bound too tightly so that the inner margins are not visible in the microfilm. The index was checked against the manuscript itself through a Summer Stipend from the National Endowment for the Humanities. For their help and permission to work from the manuscript, the librarians at the Bibiothèque nationale de France are also gratefully acknowledged.

About the Index
Nearly all of the chants except for the responsory verses are abbreviated. This leads to problems in identification of the correct CAO number. In many cases, these problems can be resolved for responsories by reference to the repetendum cue, or for antiphons because the scribe often includes later words in the chant. (The scribe clearly knew his material and on several occasions takes the incipit just far enough to distinguish it from another similar chant.) In other cases, the reference to liturgical position and to other similar sources may be used to determine the most likely CAO number.

Rubrics are sparse, but the layout of the text is clear and consistent, so that in the main text it is usually clear what genre a chant is. However, marginal additions seldom have any kind of rubric, and their genre must be guessed from context. Many of these marginal additions are also abbreviated to almost nothing. Identifying these chants was a major problem, and many of them remain a mystery.

Chants written in the margins have been put in their proper liturgical place in the index as much as possible: cues to the left of the location number indicate their actual position on the page:

L left margin
R right margin
T top margin
B bottom margin

Other letters are used to provide further information:

A a later addition
X a chant that has been erased

In the manuscript, the mode for most of the chants is indicated by Roman numerals, including those chants without notation. Mode has therefore been indicated in the index as follows:

* no notation and no Roman numeral indicating mode
3 notated, mode 3
3* no notation, but Roman numeral indicates mode 3
? notated, but mode unknown
r the notation indicates a formula for a short responsory

Because the Roman numerals and the musical notation are rarely part of the same layer, sometimes they seem to clash. For this reason, the mode of notated responsory verses is taken from the responsory verse formula, and not the Roman numeral mode indicated for the respond. Thus, some responsories have verses in a mode different from that given for the respond. A few responsories have verses in two different modes, each indicated by the notated responsory verse formula.

“*” appears in the differentia column for the majority of the antiphons. 215 items have some kind of differentia, either a notated differentia or a notated antiphon verse. These differentiae are written in non-diastematic neumes, and usually consist of the final two syllables of the formula (“amen”) only. This makes the identification of the differentiae extremely problematic. In the index, each differentia formula has been assigned a letter followed by a number, which represent a particular series of neumes. In most cases, this is followed in the extra field by a possible mode and differentia name, which corresponds to the differentia names used in the indices of Toledo 44.1, Toledo 44.2, and Paris lat. 1090. A complete table of these differentia formulas can be found in Collamore, “Aquitanian Collections of Office Chants: A Comparative Survey.” These differentia assignments should be understood as conjectural.

In a few cases there is some uncertainty about the Roman numeral designation of a chant. In these instances, the mode field is marked "?*" and the conjectured mode is marked in the second two spaces of the extra field as 1?, 2?, 3? etc.

This manuscript is unusual in that it frequently includes short responsories. While it is often difficult to distinguish between a great and short responsory when the text is abbreviated, in many cases it is possible to make an educated guess as to which category the responsory belongs. In cases where it is reasonably clear that a short responsory is intended, a “B” has been entered into the second last space of the extra field.

Some of the incipits in the index do not make sense in Latin. These incipits represent the letters that appear in the manuscript as closely as possible, but, because of the great difficulty of reading the text at that point due to deterioration of the ink or careless handwriting, these letters could not be put together into a sensible phrase.

Chants not found in CAO are assigned numbers beginning with “ssm” (Sancti Salvatoris Mundi).

Selected Bibliography
Collamore, Lila. “Aquitanian Collections of Office Chants: A Comparative Survey.” Ph.D. dissertation, The Catholic University of America, 2000.
Grier, James. “Roger de Chabannes (d. 1024), Cantor of Saint Martial de Limoges,” Early Music History 14 (1995): 53-119.

The computer file was prepared by Lila Collamore, with the aid of a Summer Stipend from the National Endowment for the Humanities (USA).

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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 1090

Antiphoner from Marseille cathedral. Late-12th century (dated between 1190 and 1200). Aquitanian notation. Cathedral cursus. 281 folios. Almost complete.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1-121: Temporale. 1r, First Sunday of Advent (begins at the end of Matins); 13r, Great "O" Antiphons; 15r, Christmas; 28v, Ferial Office; 37r, Septuagesima; 44r, Ash Wednesday; 67r, Maundy Thursday; 74r, Easter; 88r, Pentecost; 92v, Summer Histories; 111v, Trinity Sunday; 114v, Sundays after Pentecost.
Ff. 122-252: Sanctorale. 122r, Stephen; 132r, Trophimus; 135v, Thomas Becket; 160r, Annunciation; 179r, Victor and Companions; 183v, Mary Magdalene; 186r, John Cassian; 187r, Martha; 195v, Transfiguration; 203v, Assumption; 216r, Maurice; 221r, All Saints' Day; 230v, Romanus of Antioch; 235v, Saturninus; 239v, Andrew; 244r, Nicholas; 247r, Lucy; 249r, Lazarus of Bethany.
Ff. 253r-256r: Dedication of a Church. Ff. 256r-281: Common of Saints. 256r, Apostles; 261r, Martyrs; 265v, Single Martyr; 268v, Single Confessor; 272r, Single Confessor and Bishop; 274r, Virgins; f. 277v, lacuna; ff. 278 and 281, Alternate Commons for Virgins (fragmentary); ff. 279-280, Office for the Dead, inserted between these two folios.

In this source the folios have been numbered twice, both times in the upper right hand corner of each recto. The index follows the second, smaller set of numbers (generally written to the left of the older, larger numbers), which corrects two mistakes in the other set (f. 34 was omitted and 208 was used twice). Some sections of the manuscript are extremely difficult to read, especially at the beginning (ff. 1-10) and the end (ff. 278-281). In these sections it has been necessary to represent some incipits as incomplete or illegible and to place question marks in the columns that would ordinarily specify mode or differentia. Partial reconstruction of the contents of some of the most severely damaged folios of the source was facilitated by two important editions of chant texts, those presented in volumes 3 and 4 of CAO and those published in Ottosen's study of responsories for the Office of the Dead (see below). There are clues to the identity of some responsories for Matins on the First Sunday of Advent (notated on folios now missing from the manuscript) in the incipits listed for Matins on Annunciation (f. 160r). Some of the unusual Offices in this source may be found in Analecta hymnica or in other CANTUS indices. The Office for Trophimus, Bishop of Arles (ff. 132r-135v) was edited from a 16th- century printed breviary in Analecta hymnica vol. 18, p. 95ff (LMLO TR61), but is found here in a more complete version including antiphons for Matins, for the psalms of Lauds, and for second Vespers. The Office for Thomas Becket has been edited in Analecta hymnica vol. 13, pp. 92ff (LMLO TH21). Among other unusual Offices are those for Victor, after whom the monastery of St. Victor in Marseilles is named, and his three soldier- companions (ff. 179r-183r); John Cassian, the founder of St. Victor (ff. 186r-187r); Martha, sister of Lazarus (ff. 187r-191r); Romanus of Antioch (ff. 230v-231r); and Lazarus of Bethany (ff. 249r-253r). For certain other liturgical occasions the cycles of chants that are provided resemble those of Beneventan manuscripts (as represented by Benevento V-21, Hesbert's manuscript L): see, for example, Mary Magdalene (ff. 183v- 186r); and the Transfiguration (ff. 195v-199r). The differentiae are labeled with a letter in the left-hand column of the differentia field; this letter indicates the ending pitch of the differentia (ignoring transposition). When more than one differentia in a mode ends on the same pitch, the second and subsequent differentiae are indicated by a number after the letter. The tonus peregrinus is indicated by "P" in the right-hand column of the differentia field. These differentia names are applied to the same "saeculorum amen" formulas in all of the Aquitanian sources indexed by CANTUS (Paris, lat. 1090, Toledo 44.1, and Toledo 44.2), hence there may be gaps in the numbering. Thus, differentia 1.D in the index for Toledo 44.2 and differentia 1.D in Paris, lat. 1090 refer to identical formulas. (This naming system is not carried over to sources that are not Aquitanian.)
In some cases, a lower-case letter appears in the "extra" field to the right of the differentia field. This indicates variations in the differentia, usually of neumation. These letters indicating variants refer only to one particular source, and (unlike the differentia names themselves) are not applied to the other Aquitanian sources to indicate the same variant. Chants not found in CAO have been assigned arbitrary numbers beginning with the letter "mrs".

Selected Bibliography
Collamore, Lila. "Aquitanian Collections of Office Chants: a Comparative Survey." Ph.D. dissertation, The Catholic University of America, 2000. Hughes, Andrew. Late Medieval Liturgical Offices: Resources for Electronic Research. Vol. 1, Texts. Subsidia Mediaevalia, 23. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1994.
Ottosen, Knud. The Responsories and Versicles of the Latin Office of the Dead. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 1993. The computer file was prepared by Charles Downey and Lila Collamore at The Catholic University of America. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 12044

Antiphoner from the Monastery of St. Maur-des-Fosses. Early 12th century. French notation on four black lines with F and C clefs. Monastic cursus. 241 folios. Beginning and end of manuscript missing; one lacuna.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-143r: Winter Temporale and Sanctorale. 1r-5v, Third through Fourth Sundays of Advent; lacuna; 6r, Great "O" Antiphons; 7v, Christmas; 12r, Stephen; 29r, Ferial Office; 38v, Maurus; 51v, Conversion of Paul; 65r, Septuagesima; 71v, Ash Wednesday; 93v, Maundy Thursday; 99v, Easter; 115v, Ascension; 118v, Pentecost; 122r, Trinity; 125r, Summer Histories; 139r, Sundays after Pentecost.
Ff. 143r-226r: Summer Sanctorale. 143r, John the Baptist; 146v, Babolenus; 154v, Paul; 161r, Arnulfus of Metz; 163v, Mary Magdalene; 170v, Laurence; 199v, All Saints; 206v, Dedication of a Church; 212r, Clement; 218v, Eligius; 224v, Translation of Babolenus.
Ff. 226r-241v: Common of Saints.

F-Pn lat. 12044 and F-Pn lat. 12584 are both antiphoners from the Monastery of Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, which lies east of Paris, and was reformed by Cluny in the tenth century. Hesbert listed the contents of the latter manuscript in >Corpus Antiphonalium Officii, where it is manuscript "F." The two sources have much in common, but, because lat. 12044 is later, it includes material not found in the 11th-century lat. 12584. Lat. 12044 gives antiphons for the ferial Office that match those of the Cluny breviary (F-Pn lat. 12601). Lat. 12044 contains the following Offices not found in CAO: Babolenus, Arnulfus of Metz (also found in Analecta hymnica, vol. 52, pp. 332-4), Clement (Analecta hymnica vol. 52, pp. 337-40), and Eligius. It should be noted that the Office for Maurus is imperfect: f. 39 is largely torn away, and the chants on that leaf have been reconstructed by referring to CAO. Differentiae are assigned arbitrary numbers. Each chant not included in CAO is assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by "mau."

About the Invitatory Tones of F-Pn lat. 12044
Invitatory tones are represented in lat. 12044 in two different ways. The first time each of them occurs in the liturgical year, its first section ("Venite exsultemus" through "jubilemus ei") is written out with musical notation; when the tone appears again, it is given only as an incipit following the antiphon that is intended to introduce and alternate with it. As noted above, several pages are missing from the beginning of the book, and in a lacuna, and this appears to be the reason certain tones are not present in it. These tones must have been used with antiphons sung during the first few weeks of Advent, for they are referred to by incipit later on. Among them are the tones called BL, NE, FE, and 2 in the CANTUS database. The repertory of invitatory tones known to the copyist of lat. 12044 is a fairly conservative one: MO and FE for Monday and the other days of the ferial Office, BL for antiphons of mode 2 or of mode 4, for Sundays and various feasts; NE for other, more recent feasts; CH for Christmas and Epiphany; 5 for Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, and some Sundays; 7 for Sundays in Lent, other Sundays, and one feast; PA primarily for week days in Paschal Time, also during the octave of Ascension; 2 for some mode-2 invitatory antiphons (mostly intended for saints' days); and 3 for a small number of mode-3 antiphons. The one unusual feature is a tone that appeared on a page that is now damaged (f. 39r), where its incipit is no longer preserved. Fortunately the tone is given intact in the St. Denis antiphoner (F-Pn lat. 17296, f. 346v); and this confirms that the incipit that appears nine times in lat. 12044 is in fact that of the partially missing tone. This tone is combined with one antiphon of mode 2 and others of mode 4; the occasions on which it is sung range from St. Babolenus to St. John the Evangelist, Peter and Paul, the Assumption, and the Nativity of the Virgin. Tones used with antiphons of both mode 2 and mode 4 in this source are BL, MF, and NE.

Selected Bibliography
Renaudin, A. "Deux antiphonaires de Saint-Maur: BN Lat 12584 et 12044." Etudes gregoriennes 13 (1972): 53-150.
Steiner, Ruth. "Reconstructing the Repertory of Invitatory Tones and their Uses at Cluny in the Late 11th Century." In Musicologie medievale: Notations et sequences, Table ronde de CNRS a l'IRHT d'Orleans-La Source, 10-12 Septembre 1982, ed. Michel Huglo, 175-82. Paris: CNRS, 1987. The computer file was prepared by Keith Glaeske and Denise Gallo at The Catholic University of America. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 1240

A liturgical compendium: troper, proser, abbreviated antiphoner, hymnal, sermons, passions, and lives of the saints (dated 12th century); from the church of the Holy Savior (Sancti Salvatoris Mundi) in the monastery of St. Martial de Limoges; early tenth century. 194 fols.; 227 x 163 mm. Aquitanian notation with superscript letters and French neumes.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1-10v: Ordo for Extreme Unction and funeral ordo; 11-16v: Calendar; 17-18v: four sequences; 18v-38: Proper tropes and various chants for Palm Sunday and Triduum; 38-43: twenty Ordinary tropes; 43v-45v: ten prosulae; 46-62: twenty-one sequences; 62v-64v: tonary; 65-66: Laudes regiae; 66-78v: table of incipits for Vespers and Matins; 78v-90v: supplement including tropes, antiphons, and responsories (notated); 91-96: hymnal; 96-97: chants for the Octave of St. Martial; 99-194v: Passions and lives of the saints, including Office and Mass for St. Foy.

This index is of the antiphoner section only, folios 66r-78v. About the Antiphoner This manuscript, including the oldest surviving full troper and the oldest extant calendar from Limoges, is of great interest to scholars. From the Basilica of the Holy Savior in the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Martial, Limoges, along with 203 other manuscripts preserved at St. Martial, it was acquired on September 5, 1730, by the Bibliothèque du Roy. The original section of the manuscript, folios 1-98v, is traditionally dated to 933-936, based on the acclamations for Christus Vincet on folio 65. These refer to "Ioanni pape" (Pope John XI, 931-936), "Rodulpho rege" (Raoul, 923-936), "Turpioni pontifici" (the bishop Turpion, 905-944), and "Stephano abbati" (Abbot Etienne I, 920-937). Emerson suggests that the supplement to the antiphoner (fols. 78v-90v), containing eighty-nine notated chants, may date from 935-943, and the incomplete Office for the Octave of St. Martial (fols. 96-97) to ca. 960-980. Folios 97v-98v are largely blank. Six libelli have been added to the original tenth-century manuscript containing various sermons and a Life of Odo, second abbot of Cluny (fols. 144-168), a Life of St. Leodegarius of Autun (155-168v), a Life of William I of Aquitaine (175-181v), a Life of St. Foy de Conques (183-185), and a Life of St. Margaret (189-192v). It also contains a Mass and Office for St. Foy (185-188v). These additions date from the late eleventh or twelfth centuries, but certainly before 1225. The antiphoner certainly does not represent a complete record of the music of the Office at St. Martial at the time it was written, as it mainly consists of antiphons "in evangelio," with the addition of some other Office chants. For example, Matins responsories are rarely provided. Only the Offices of the Conversion of St. Paul, All Saints (added in the bottom margins of 68v-69r), St. Benedict (with additions in the margins of 66v), and the Annuntiation are essentially complete. Many of the series of chants in Paris 1240 are identical or closely similar to those in Paris 1085 (dated by Emerson ca. 960-980), in both content and ordering. The antiphons for the Office for the Conversion of Paul is very similar to the second of the two Offices provided for that feast in Paris 1085, although the order of responsories is very different. The Dedication of the Church is clearly intended (due to the place in the calendar, October 13) for the church of the Holy Savior, although the church itself is not named. This Office is likewise very similar to that in Paris 1085. The feasts of Saint Benedict (March 21) and the Annunciation (March 25) are out of place in the manuscript, between the Octave of the Apostles (July 7) and Saint Peter in Chains (August 1). (It is possible that the chants for Saint Benedict are intended for the Translation of Saint Benedict (July 11), but the rubric clearly states "In natale S. Benedicti.") This series of chants is very similar to the series provided for both feast of St. Benedict in Paris 1085. The feast of the Assumption includes many chants more usually associated with Advent. Paul Evans has noted that certain aspects of the troper suggest northern French influence. Twenty-nine chants in the manuscript are notated in Northern French neumes; the rest of the musical notation is in Aquitanian neumes. One unusual feature is the use of significative letters along with the Aquitanian notation.

About the Index
Nearly all of the chants in this section of the manuscript are abbreviated, with the notable exception of the great O-antiphons. This leads to problems in the accurate identification by CAO number, as the complete text of the chants is not known. Wherever possible, the use of "can9999" has been avoided. In cases where two or more CAO chants have a very similar incipit, the number of the incipit that matched exactly was entered. For example, the antiphon Dixit paterfamilias, was assigned the number cao2305 (Dixit paterfamilias), and not cao2281 (Dixit autem paterfamilias). In other cases, when the incipit was identical to two or more CAO chants, the chant was assumed to be that which appeared on the same liturgical occasion in CAO as in the manuscript. "Alleluia" chants are particularly problematic: there is no way to be certain whether "Alleluia praeoccupemus" or "Alleluia ? (Praeoccupemus)" is actually meant. Finally, in a few cases, a decision was made based on the contents of Paris 1085, a manuscript from the same church, less than a century later. All of these latter cases are indicated in the notes to the index. Rubrics are sparse, and are at times hard to interpret without the aid of the context that would be provided by complete texts or musical notation. For example, "Ad v." is the usual rubric for Vespers; "Super v." for the invitatory at Matins. The rubrics ("v") for responsory verses and versicles are identical--this is most problematic in Vespers where the versicle (if provided) immediately follows the responsory verse (which may be omitted). First Vespers of Sunday is routinely included among the chants for Saturday: on Easter Sunday, the only rubric is "Sabbato Sancto" for first Vespers, with no subsequent rubric for the day of the feast. An "*" appears in the mode column of every entry in the antiphoner, as this portion of this manuscript is not notated. Chants not found in CAO are assigned numbers beginning with "mar".

Selected Bibliography
Bannister, H.M. "The Earliest Troper and its Date." Journal of Theological Studies 2 (1901): 420-429. Emerson, John. "Fragments of a Troper from Saint-Martial de Limoges." Scriptorium 16 (1962): 369-72. Emerson, John. "Neglected Aspects of the Oldest Full Troper (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, lat. 1240)." In, Recherches nouvelles sur les tropes liturgiques [Festschrift Michel Huglo], eds. Wulf Arlt and Gunilla Björkvall, Supplement to Corpus Troporum, Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, Studia Latina Stockholmiensia 36, 193-217. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell International, 1993. Evans, Paul. "Northern French Elements in an Early Aquitanian Troper." In Speculum musicae artis: Festgabe für Heinrich Husman, 103-110. Munich: W. Fink, 1970. Husmann, H. Tropen- und Sequenzenhandschriften. RISM B/V/1, 137-9. Munich, 1964. The computer file was prepared by Lila Collamore. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 12601

Cluniac breviary dating from between 1064 and 1095 used in the monastery of St. Taurin l'Echelle. Probably copied for St. Taurin in a Cluniac priory in the southeastern area of the diocese of Amiens (perhaps Lihons-en-Sangterre). 335 x 237 mm. Non-diastematic neumes. Monastic cursus. 271 folios. Summer only.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 11r-16r: Ferial Office. Ff. 16v-22r: Kalendar. F. 24v, Trinity.
Ff. 30r-184v: Summer Sanctorale. 30r, John the Baptist; 40v, Paul; 74v, Laurence; 103v, Julianus; 134v, Denis; 143v, All Saints.
Ff. 187v-207r: Common of Saints (203r, Dedication of a Church).
Ff. 207v-267v: Summer Histories intermixed with Sundays after Pentecost. Ff. 268r-271: Dedication of a Church (incomplete).

Hourlier believed that lat. 12601 originated at Cluny and was later used in the Picard monastery of St. Taurin l'Echelle. Recently Manuel Pedro Ferreira has called attention to the presence in the source of two different types of neumes--both French and Laon (Lorraine)--that appear to be roughly contemporaneous, suggesting that the manuscript originated in a place in which the two coexisted. He believes that the manuscript cannot have originated at Cluny itself because of the manuscript's "notational, liturgical, paleographical and artistic oddities." All chants not found in CAO are assigned an arbitrary number beginning with "clu". The manuscript contains no differentiae, with only one exception (assigned to the single antiphon written in staff notation, on f. 78r, for Taurinus, which has been given an arbitrary number).

Selected Bibliography
Leroquais, Victor. Les Breviaires: manuscrits des Bibliotheques publiques de France, 3: 226-28. Paris; Macon: Protat Freres, 1934. Hourlier, Jacques. "Le Breviaire de Saint-Taurin: Un livre liturgique clunisien a l'usage de l'Echelle-Saint-Aurin (Paris, B. N. lat. 12601)." Etudes gregoriennes 3 (1959): 163-73. Lamothe, Donat R. and Constantine, Cyprian G. eds. Matins at Cluny for the Feast of Saint Peter's Chains. London: Plainsong and Mediaeval Music Society, 1986. Steiner, Ruth. "Marian Antiphons at Cluny and Lewes." In Music in the Medieval English Liturgy: Plainsong and Mediaeval Music Society Centennial Essays, ed. Susan Rankin and David Hiley, 175-204. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Ferreira, Manuel P. "Music at Cluny: The Tradition of Gregorian Chant for the Proper of the Mass. Melodic Variants and Microtonal Nuances." Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1997. (F-Pn lat. 12601 is described on pp. 45-48.) The computer file was prepared by Keith Glaeske at The Catholic University of America. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 15181 and lat. 15182

Noted breviary in two volumes. Early 14th century (ca. 1300). From Notre Dame Cathedral (Paris, France). Cathedral cursus. 552 and 521 folios.

Lat. 15181

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1-6: Kalendar. Ff. 7-10: various liturgical texts. Ff. 11r- 96v: Ferial Office. Ff. 97-105: Canticles and other liturgical texts.
Ff. 106-355: Winter Temporale. 106r, First Sunday of Advent; 133v, Great "O" Antiphons; 139r, Christmas; 198r, Septuagesima; 215r, Ash Wednesday; 294v, Easter; 331v, Ascension; 342r, Pentecost.
Ff. 356-498: Winter Sanctorale (Offices with a substantial number of chants not found in CAO are indicated with an *). 356r, Andrew; 362v, Reception of the Relics; 375r, *Immaculate Conception; 388r, Stephen; 407v, Genevieve; 426r, Vincent; 444r, Purification; 466v, Annunciation; 472v, Mary the Egyptian; 479r, Finding of Denis; 488r, Finding of the Holy Cross; 491v, *Judas Quiriacus; 496v, Translation of Nicholas; 498r, Germain of Paris (incomplete; rubric refers users to seek the rest of the Office in the Summer volume).
Ff. 499r-538r: Common of Saints. Ff. 538r-549r: Invitatory Tones. Ff. 549r-551r: Hymns for day hours.

Lat. 15182

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. i-vi (added to front of codex, unrelated Arabic numbering, see below): Kalendar. Ff. 1r-80v: Ferial Office. Ff. 80v-88v: Canticles and other liturgical texts.
Ff. 89-180: Summer Temporale. 89r, Trinity Sunday; 96r, Summer Histories (96r, Kings; 114r, Wisdom; 120r, Job; 124r, Tobias; 126v, Judith, Esther; 133r, Maccabees; 138r, Prophets); 142r, Sundays after Pentecost; 162r, Dedication of a Church.
Ff. 180-189: *Corpus Christi (this section of folios inserted into the codex at a slightly later date, but apparently prior to the numbering in Roman numerals; see below).
Ff. 190r-467r: Summer Sanctorale (Offices with a substantial number of chants not found in CAO are indicated with an *): 190r, *Germain of Paris; 236r, Translation of Thomas; 250v, Mary Magdalene; 260v, *Translation of Marcel; 267v, Anne; 274v, Finding of Stephen; 291r, *Crown of Thorns; 298r, Hippolytus; 304r, Assumption; 321r, Bernard; 325r, *Augustine; 336r, *Giles; 374v, Michael; 385r, Denis; 401v, 11,000 Virgins; 412r, *Quentin; 417v, All Saints' Day; 422r, Office of the Dead; 428r, Marcel of Paris; 440r, *Genulf, "Bishop"; 450r, Cecilia; 458v, *Catherine; 467r, Genevieve-des-Ardents (commemoration of her healing miracle).
Ff. 467v-468r: Lessons for Vigil of Andrew. Ff. 468v-469v: blank. Ff. 470-510r: Common of Saints. Ff. 510v-521v: Invitatory Tones. Ff. 521v-524r: Hymns for day hours. Ff. 525r-529r: Germain of Auxerre. F. 529r: one partial Invitatory tone in late, cursive hand (this section of folios appended to the codex at a later date).

* * * The manuscripts F-Pn lat. 15181 and 15182, the Winter and Summer halves of a noted breviary designed for use at Notre Dame Cathedral, were probably copied in Paris around the year 1300. The feast of Corpus Christi as well as a few rubrics and marginal chants (e.g. the Responsory "Fluenta evangelii"/Verse "Beatus vir," and Antiphon "Exiit sermo" for John the Evangelist) seem to be later additions. The index of lat. 15181 follows the modern set of folio numbers in Arabic numerals, in the upper right hand of each recto. This numbering includes 10 folios (a kalendar and some liturgical texts) added to the front of the codex, excluded from the system of Roman numerals in the main body of the codex. The number 401 has been used twice in the Arabic page numbers, a mistake not represented in the Roman numerals. Although a kalendar (six folios in length) was also added to the front of lat. 15182, and was likewise numbered in Arabic numerals, the more recent Arabic numbering system was not extended to the rest of the codex. Therefore, the index of lat. 15182 follows the page numbering in Roman numerals, in the upper right hand of each recto, found only in the main body of the codex. Due to the random addition of a stray "x" at one point, this numbering skips from 168 to 179, a mistake duplicated in the index (in the Office for the Dedication of a Church). In addition, the number 304 is used twice. The manuscripts contain a substantial number of chants and Offices not found in CAO (indicated with an asterisk in the contents of each book, see above). Each chant not found in CAO has been assigned an arbitrary number beginning with "nda". The breviary also includes a number of Offices in full or partial modal order: in lat. 15181, Nicholas, Immaculate Conception, John the Evangelist, Vincent, and Annunciation; in lat. 15182, Trinity, Corpus Christi, Finding of Stephen, Crown of Thorns, Augustine, Giles, Nativity of Mary, Matthew, Genulf, and Catherine. Along with chants for the Daily Office, lat. 15181 and 15182 prescribe numerous chants for processions and memorials. The processional items, typically a responsory to be sung whenever the feast fell on a Sunday (and would then be celebrated with a procession) but occasionally a responsory and antiphon, are assigned the letter "X" in the Genre column. Rubrics may contain additional information about processions, such as indications about performance practice (e.g. a direction to sing in organum the verse in the processional responsory for the Assumption and the Nativity of the Virgin Mary) and/or routes and destinations of the procession itself. Memorial items, typically an antiphon and versicle, are indicated by the letter "R" in the Position column when the memorial is sung at the end of Lauds or Vespers; when the precise liturgical context is uncertain, or when the memorial is intended to be sung at various times during the season or year, the items are indicated by the letter "R" in the Office column. There are a total of thirty-two differentiae: seven each for modes I and IV (two of the mode IV differentiae appear only in transposed versions); four each for modes III, VII, and VIII, two for mode II (the second of these is employed only with the "O" antiphons of Advent), and a single differentia for modes V and VI. The differentiae have been assigned arbitrary numbers for the purposes of classification. There are twelve different invitatory tones used in lat. 15181 and 15182. These have been identified using the CANTUS system of numbers and two-letter sigla. Although these tones are associated with antiphons in modes II through VII, they are most frequently used in conjunction with antiphons in modes IV and VI.

Selected Bibliography
Leroquais, Victor. Les Breviaires: manuscrits des Bibliotheques publiques de France, 3: 260-62. Paris; Macon: Protat Freres, 1934. The computer files were prepared by Susan Kidwell (University of Texas at Austin) with editorial assistance from Charles Downey (Catholic University). Go back to Manuscript Index
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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouv. acq. lat. 1411 and 1412

MS 1411

Cistercian antiphoner from the Abbey of St. Mary of Morimondo in the diocese of Milan. Second half of the twelfth century (up to 1174). Staff notation. Monastic cursus. 305 x 210 mm. Sixteenth century binding.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-141v: Temporale. 1r, Trinity Sunday (partial); 1v, Advent; 22r, Christmas; 34v, Epiphany; 42r, Ferial Office; 56r, Septuagesima; 61v, Lent; 96v, Easter; 108r, Ascension; 113r, Pentecost; 119r, Summer Histories.
Ff. 141v-144v: Invitatory tones. Ff. 145r-146v: Tonary. Ff. 146v: Te decet laus.

Ff. 26 and 33 are small folios inserted later into the original manuscript.

MS 1412

Cistercian antiphoner from the Abbey of St. Mary of Morimondo in the diocese of Milan. Second half of the twelfth century (approximately 1175). Staff notation. Monastic cursus. 323 x 221 mm.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-2v: Trinity Sunday (partial).
Ff. 1v-140v: Sanctorale; 1v, Stephen; 6v; John the Evangelist; 11r, Holy Innocents; 16r, Agnes; 21v, Purification; 28v, Agatha; 34v, Benedict; 42r, Annunciation; 49r, Mark; 54r, Phillip and James; 58r, Finding of the Cross; 62r, John the Baptist; 67r, Peter and Paul; 72v, Commemoration of Paul; 78v, Mary Magdalene; 83v, Finding of Stephen; 85r, Laurence; 90r, Assumption; 96r, Beheading of John the Baptist; 101r, Nativity of Mary; 105v, Exaltation of the Cross; 110r, Michael; 115v, All Saints; 121r, Martin; 126r, Cecilia; 130v, Clement; 135v, Andrew.
Ff. 140v-173r: Commune.
Ff. 173r-177v: Dedication Office. Ff. 177v-181r: Office for the Dead. Ff. 181r-186r: Invitatory tones. Ff. 186r-189r: Tonary. Ff. 189r-190v: Miscellaneous items. 191r-194v: Trinity Office (complete). Ff. 195r-v: Chapters. Ff. 196r-201r: Office for the feast of 11,000 Virgins. F. 202r-v: Guidonian hand, Regina caeli.

“Liber sancte mariae de morimundo mediolan[ensis] dioccesis” is written twice on 202v of Paris 1412, although not in the main hand of the manuscript. These indices were prepared from the facsimile edition. In error, f. 79v of Paris 1411 is not included in the facsimile; a second image of 78v is given in its place. The index provided in the facsimile edition however indicates the incipits of the missing chants, the full texts of which are suggested by the corresponding section of the other Cistercian source in the database, Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 1799**. The melodies (and modal assignments) of these chants are probably the same as Vienna 1799**, but have provisionally been left as “?” in the index until the manuscript can be consulted. The codes for differentiae and for chants not included in CAO are the same as those used for Vienna 1799**. Differentiae are identified by both a letter and a number. The letter indicates the pitch on which the formula ends; if more than one formula ends on that pitch, a number is assigned arbitrarily to distinguish them. Each chant not found in CAO is assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by “cis”. The foliation used in the index is that given in the manuscript by a modern hand in the top right corner of the folios.

Selected Bibliography
Maître, Claire. Un antiphonaire cistercien pour le sanctoral, XIIe siècle: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouvelles acquisitions latines 1412. Paris: Éditions du comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 1999. ___________. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouvelles acquisitions latines 1411: Un antiphonaire cistercien pour le temporal, XIIe siècle. Poithiers: Maison des sciences de l’homme et de la société de Pothiers, 1998.
The computer index was prepared by Elizabeth Sander with editorial assistance by Andrew Mitchell at the University of Western Ontario.

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouv. acq. lat. 1535

Early thirteenth-century antiphoner from the Cathedral of Sens, France. Cathedral cursus. 129 folios. Eight lacunae; incomplete at the end.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 2r-68v: Winter and Summer Temporale. 2r-6v, Andrew to First Sunday of Advent; lacuna; 7r-26v, First Sunday of Advent to John (18v, Christmas; 21r, Liber generationis; 23r, Stephen); lacuna; 27r-28v, John, Holy Innocents; lacuna; 29r, Epiphany; 29v-35r, Ferial Office; 36v, Septuagesima; 42r-60v, Ash Wednesday to Maundy Thursday; lacuna; 61r, Pentecost Monday; 62v-64v, Summer Histories (Book of Kings only); 64v-68r, Sundays after Pentecost; 68, Trinity; lacuna.
Ff. 69r-122r: Summer Sanctorale. 69r, Common of Several Martyrs; 69v-84v, Fabian and Sebastian to Gregory; lacuna; 85r-92v, John the Baptist to Mary Magdalene; lacuna; 93r-107v, Vigil of Assumption to Maurice (99v-102v, Lupus); lacuna; 108r-122r, Michael to Clement (110, Germanus; 110v, Denis; 113r, All Saints).
Ff. 122r-123v, Common of Apostles; lacuna; 124r-126v, Common of a Confessor, Common of Virgins; 126r-129r, Paula; ends with the Office for the Dead.

This antiphoner has several interesting features. The first is the tone for the Liber generationis (21r), near the end of Christmas Matins (cf. Cambrai XVI C 4, 11r). There are three prosulae for the "Fabricae mundi" melismas (19v) and also a prosula for the responsory "Sancta et immaculata" (20v)--all to be performed during Christmas Matins. The Offices for Lupus (ff. 99v-102v) and Paula (ff. 126r-129r) contain responsories that have particularly long melismas. (For a fuller discussion of the melodies of these responsories, please see Steiner, "Some Melismas," below.) Differentiae are assigned arbitrary numbers. Each chant not found in CAO has been assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by "sen."

Selected Bibliography
Steiner, Ruth. "Some Melismas for Office Responsories." Journal of the American Musicological Society 26 (1973): 108-131. The computer file was prepared by Charles Downey, Keith Glaeske, and Lila Collamore at The Catholic University of America. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Piacenza, Basilica di S. Antonino - Biblioteca e Archivio Capitolari, 65

An antiphoner that forms one section of the twelfth-century Liber Officium of Piacenza Cathedral, Piacenza, Italy. 480 x 340 mm. Central-Italian notation on a dry-point staff, with the F-line colored red. Cathedral cursus. 450 folios.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 268-273v: Invitatory Tones. Ff. 274r-365: Temporale. 268r, First Sunday of Advent; 285v, Christmas; 296r, Ferial Office; 303r, Septuagesima; 308r, Ash Wednesday; 325v, Holy Thursday; 330v, Easter; 343v, Pentecost; 348v-352r, Sundays after Pentecost; 352r, Summer Histories; 363r, Trinity.
Ff. 365v-423r: Sanctorale. 365v, Stephen; 371v, Sabinus; 387r, Gervasius and Protasius; 393v, Paul; 396v, Laurence; 405v, Justina; 410v, All Saints; 414r, Finding of Antoninus.
Ff. 423r-431v: Common of Saints. Ff. 431v-433v: Dedication of a Church. Ff. 433v-435v: Office for the Dead.

The manuscript is a compendium. It contains a tonary of invitatories (ff. 1-3), a small tonary of antiphons (ff. 3v-4v), a small tonary of mass chants (ff. 149-151), a gradual (ff. 151-228r), a sequentiary (ff. 228v-261), a second tonary of antiphons (ff. 264-267v), and several treatises on alchemy, astronomy and music theory. At least three different scribes were involved in the copying of these portions of the manuscript. All of the hands are twelfth-century Italian. The antiphoner (ff. 267v-450) is complete, and copied entirely by a single hand. (For a fuller discussion of the manuscript's contents and its scribes, please see the introduction to Glaeske, Piacenza, Biblioteca Capitolare 65, below.) The foliation is inconsistent: sometimes it is stamped onto the page or pencilled in, but at other times it is altogether lacking. The antiphoner contains several Offices that do not occur in any of the sources surveyed in Hesbert's >Corpus Antiphonalium Officii: chief among these are those for Sabinus, first bishop of Piacenza (ff. 371v-373v); the martyrs Gervasius and Protasius (ff. 387r-389r); Justina, patron of Piacenza (405v-407v); and the Finding of Antoninus (ff. 414r-416r). In the index, differentiae are assinged arbitrary numbers, and no attempt has been made to match this numbering system to that of either of the tonaries in the same manuscript. Each chant not found in CAO has been assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by "pia".

Selected Bibliography
Glaeske, Keith et al. Piacenza, Biblioteca Capitolare 65. With an introduction by Paul Merkley. Ottawa: Institute of Mediaeval Music, 1993. Merkley, Paul. Italian Tonaries. Ottawa: Institute of Mediaeval Music, 1988. See especially pp. 142-145. The computer file was prepared at The Catholic University of America by Keith Glaeske, Keith Falconer, Lila Collamore, and Richard Rice. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana, C.5

Notated Antiphoner, from the late eleventh or early twelfth century. Written at Rome, used until 1219 by the Benedictines of San Sisto (now San Sisto on the Via Appia), then taken to Sant'Eutizio di Norcia. 19 x 32 cm. Italian neumes on a four-line drypoint staff; red F-line; C-clef. Monastic cursus. 310 folios; beginning fascicle missing.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-150v: Winter Temporale and Sanctorale. 1v, Third Sunday of Advent; 12r-15r, Sabas; 21r-23v, Gregory of Spoleto; 23v, Victoria; 26r, Christmas; 35r, Stephen; 46v-50r, Silvester; 61v-67v, Ferial Office; 69r- 71r, Maurus; 78v, Conversion of Paul; 103r, Septuagesima; 110r, Ash Wednesday; 142v, Maundy Thursday.
Ff. 150v-215v: Summer Temporale. 150v, Easter; 172v, Ascension; 176r, Pentecost; 181v, Summer Histories (Kings only); 186r-192v, Sundays after Pentecost; 192v-193r, Antiphons "Ad Benedicite;" 193r-211v, Summer Histories (Wisdom to Prophets); 211v, Trinity.
Ff. 215v-277r: Summer Sanctorale, from John the Baptist to Andrew. 223r, Paul; 226r, Laurence; 250r, Cosmas and Damian; 258r, All Saints; 261r, Dedication of St. Savior's.
Ff. 277v-281r: Dedication of a Church. Ff. 281r-305v: Common of Saints (299v-301r, Eutitio; 301v, Common of Abbots). 305v: Office of the Dead. 310v: Sixtus.

Despite its long association with the monastery of Sant'Eutizio (in the Vallecastoriana region of Umbria, near present-day Preci, Italy), paleographic evidence suggests that C.5 was originally produced in Rome. The script, a carolina romana of the later eleventh century, and the notation, "transistional" type often called "italo-beneventaine," both suggest that the manuscript originated in Rome; indeed, script and notation are quite similar to those of the Old Roman Antiphoner (Città del Vaticano (Roma), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Archivio San Pietro B.79). The manuscript appears to have been used by the nuns at San Sisto Vecchio until they came under the care of the Dominican Order in 1219. It seems then to have been sent to the monastery of Sant'Eutizio di Norcia, where numerous additions and corrections were made. Analysis of these indicates that C.5 was revised to conform to liturgical practice of Rome, Biblioteca vallicelliana C.13, a notated breviary containing the Winter Temporale and Sanctorale according to the use of Sant'Eutizio. A catalogue of the first 150 folios of C.5 (accompanied by a catalogue of the entire contents of C.13) appears in the dissertation of Jacob Carl Ledwon. The manuscript contains a large number of chants that are not to be found in Hesbert's >Corpus Antiphonalium Officii: these include verses and prosulae for CAO responsories, as well as entire Offices not present in CAO. Verses or prosulae associated with CAO responsories but not actually included in that resource have been assigned CAO numbers corresponding to those of their parent chants; the numbers for all other chants not found in CAO are prefixed by "rva". Differentiae are numbered arbitrarily.

Selected Bibliography
Huglo, Michel. Les tonaires: Inventaire, analyse, comparison. Paris: Heugel et Cie, 1971. (See p. 201.) Ledwon, Jacob Carl. "The Winter Office of Sant'Eutizio di Norcia: A Study of the Contents and Construction of Biblioteca Vallicelliana Manuscripts C 13 and C 5." Ph. D. diss., State University of New York at Buffalo, 1986. (See especially pp. 68-95.) The computer file was prepared at The Catholic University of America by Denise Gallo with the assistance of Keith Glaeske. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale, 248 (A339)

Thirteenth-century antiphoner from Jumièges; Sanctorale only. 260 x 175 mm. Norman notation on four-line staves; 17r-26v and 102r-103v, square notation on 5-line staves; 139v, square notation on 4-line staves. Monastic cursus. 178ff.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1-139v: Sanctorale. 1r, Purification (begins at Prime); 1v, Agatha; 6v, Valentine; 8r, Peter’s Chair; 10r, Gregory; 14v, Benedict; 19r, Annuntiation; 22v, Hugh of Rouen (Hugo); 23r, Common of Martyrs in Easter; 26r, Mark; 26r, Philip and James; 27v, Invention of the Cross; 29v, Constantinus and Peregrinus; 30v, Vigil and Feast of John the Baptist; 35v, John and Paul; 36v, Peter and Paul; 42r, Paul; 47r, Translation of Benedict; 48r, Peter’s Chains; 50v, Invention of Stephen; 55r, Laurence; 59v, Tiburtius; 60r, Hippolytus; 61r, Assumption; 67v, Philibert; 72v, Audoenus (Ouen); 77r, Beheading of John the Baptist; 80r, Ordination of Gregory; 80v, Nativity of Mary; 84v, Exaltation of the Cross; 87r Aichardus (Aycadre); 91v, Maurice; 96r, Michael; 101r, Denis; 106r, All Saints; 110, Benignus; 114v, Martin; 120r, Brice; 121r, Cecilia; 125r, Clement; 127r, Andrew; 131v, Nicholas; 135v, Lucy; 139v, Louis.
Ff. 140r-171r: Common (162v, Common of an Abbot). 171r, Valentine; 172r, Constantinus and Peregrinus; 173v, Invitatories; 176v, Hymns; 178v, incipits for responsories and verisicles in the Common.

Facsimiles are found in Hesbert (1954): Hesbert’s plates LXXVI-VII are fol. 67v-68r from the office of Philibert and plates LXXVIII-IX are fol. 121v-122r from the office of Cecilia. Hesbert places the antiphoner in Jumièges and the manuscript contains a number of saints which support this provenance. These include Hugh (archbishop of Rouen and abbot of Jumièges, 7th-8th century), Constantine (bishop of Beauvais and monk of Jumièges, 7th century), Philibert (founder of Jumièges, 7th century), Ouen (bishop of Rouen, 7th century), and Aycadre (Philibert's successor as abbot). All chants not found in CAO have been assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by "jum"; the differentiae are labelled with a letter-number combination (the letter indicates the final pitch of the differentia, and the number is arbitrarily assigned).

Selected Bibliography
Hesbert, René Jean. Les Manuscrits Musicaux de Jumièges. Vol. 2, Monumenta Musicae Sacrae. Mâcon: Protat Frères, 1954. The computer file was prepared by Andrew Mitchell, with editorial assistance by Debra Lacoste at The University of Western Ontario. Go back to Manuscript Index
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Salamanca, Catedral-Archivo Musical, 5, 6, 7, 8

Codex 5

Antiphoner fragment. Fourteenth or fifteenth century. 51.5 x 37 cm. Square notation on a five-line staff. Cathedral cursus. 90 surviving folios, with numbering in Roman numerals.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 97r-190v: Temporale. 97r, Passion Sunday (begins in second responsory): 99r-102v, lacuna: 109r, Palm Sunday: 132v, Maundy Thursday: 145r, Good Friday: 156r, Holy Saturday: 167r-190v, Septuagesima to second Sunday of Lent (Matins).

Codex 6

Portion of an antiphoner. Fourteenth or fifteenth century. 49.5 x 34 cm. Square notation on a five-line staff. Cathedral cursus. 199 folios. Original Roman numbering starts on third folio with “ii,” the first folio being interpolated from a different manuscript. After f. 64v, there is a change of hand, and the foliation begins anew in arabic numerals. This secondary numbering has been changed in the CANTUS index to follow from previous system (i.e., 1r = 64w, 1v=64x, etc.) for purposes of sorting. Main hand returns with original foliation at 110r. There are other interior changes of hand, but no subsequent change of foliation.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1a-219v: Temporale. 1a, Septuagesima to Easter: 1r, Advent: 5r, Christmas: 14r, Stephen: 23v, John the Evangelist: 32r, Holy Innocents: 43v, Octave of Christmas: 53r, Epiphany: 62r, Invitatory for Septuagesima: 62v, Invitatory for first Sunday of Lent: 63r, Invitatory for Passion Sunday: 63v, Maundy Thursday: 65n, Good Friday: 66h, Holy Saturday: 67b, lacuna: 111r, Easter: 115v, Easter week: 119r, Octave of Easter: 127r, Ascension: 135v, Pentecost: 139v, Week after Pentecost: 143r, Trinity: 152r, Corpus Christi: 162r-219v, Invitatory tones (200r-202v; lacuna).

Codex 7

Portion of an antiphoner. Fourteenth or fifteenth century. 79.5 x 59.5 cm. Square notation on a five-line staff. Cathedral cursus. 89 surviving folios, wiith numbering in Roman numerals.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-124v: Sanctorale. 1r, All Saints (4r-v, 6r-v; lacunae): 18v, Dedication (31r-v, lacuna): 34v, Martin (39r-v, 42r-47v; lacunae): 54r, Cecilia (62r-66v, 69r-70v; lacunae): 72v, Clement: 78r, Felicitatis: 79r, Andrew (86r-v, 95-96; lacunae): 98r, Conception of Mary (100r-103v, 106r-111v, 114r-115v: lacunae): 117r, Lucy (119r-120v; lacuna): 123r-v, lacuna: 124r-v, Responsories for the BVM.

Codex 8

Portion of an antiphoner. Fourteenth or fifteenth century. 79 x 58 cm. Square notation on a five-line staff. Same hands as Codex 7. Cathedral cursus. 95 surviving folios [including 1 interpolated folio (9w-x)], with numbering in Roman numerals.

Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 2r-142v: Sanctorale. 2r, Office of the Dead: 9w, interpolated folio giving provisions for an Office during Eastertide: 10r-12v, lacuna: 13r, Common of Saints, Eastertide: 14v, Philip and James (15r-v, lacuna): 18r, Invention of the Holy Cross (32r-v, lacuna): 34r, John at the Latin Gate: 34v, Appearance of Michael (36r-39v, lacuna): 51r-72v, lacuna: 73r, John the Baptist: 95r, John and Paul: 96r-104v, lacuna: 105r, Peter (106r-v, 111r-v; lacunae): 119r, Paul (120r-v, 127r-128v, 136r-137v; lacunae): 138r, Peter’s Chains: 141r, Conversion of Paul: 142v, Peter’s Chair (incomplete).

The four antiphoners Salamanca, Catedral-Archivo Musical, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are the only surviving examples of manuscripts for the Office from the cathedral of Salamanca during the Middle Ages. Written in the 14th or 15th centuries, they clearly predate the Council of Trent in their contents and format, although in general, they contain a number of additions by later, post-Tridentine hands. The numerous additions by a later hand in codices 5 and 6 indicate that these codices remained in use after the reforms of the Council of Trent. While all four manuscripts are in a generally poor state of repair, the situation is at its worst with the two large antiphoners for the Proper of the saints, mss. 7 and 8; here what originally were probably historiated initials have all been excised, with some damage to the following folios in each case. Numerous lacunae exist where certain folios were removed from the manuscripts. The excised initials have been supplied in the file for purposes of searching. The present index reflects the best attempts one can make to reconstruct the original state of the manuscript given the generally bad state of repair of the remaining folios and the obvious difficulties presented by numerous lacunae in the manuscript, in many instances where valuable rubrics or other indications of specific liturgical occasions have been permanently lost. While early documentary references refer to a bishop Eleuterio of Salamanca attending the Third Council of Toledo in 589, no Mozarabic sources from Salamanca have survived. A history of the Salamancan liturgy necessarily stems from the time of the twelfth-century reconquest under Alfonso VI, whose daughter Urraca and her husband, Count Raymond of Burgundy, began the restoration of the city and founded the episcopal see on 22 June 1102. The construction of the cathedral and establishment of its chapter of canons date from the twelfth century. The size of the cathedral and its limitations for liturgical celebration eventually necessitated the construction of a new cathedral; this began on 12 May 1513 and the new buildings were officially consecrated in 1560. Paleographical traits and liturgical characteristics of these four antiphoners indicate that they were used in the old cathedral and may have been gradually replaced once the new cathedral was established for worship and the reforms of the Council of Trent (1545-63) had been implemented in the diocese of Salamanca. These four antiphoners form part of a series of fifty-two manuscripts, all used in the liturgical life of the cathedral throughout the centuries and all currently housed in the Archive of the Cathedral of Salamanca. The contents of the first ten predate the Council of Trent and therefore are considered properly medieval. Manuscripts 5, 6, 7 and 8 are the four antiphoners which belong to this group of manuscripts and thus demonstrate the Proper chants for the Office in use in Salamanca during the medieval period. All chants not found in CAO have been assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by "sal"; the differentiae are labelled with a letter-number combination (the letter indicates the final pitch of the differentia, and the number is arbitrarily assigned).

Selected Bibliography
Boyce, James, O. Carm. Catálogo, Archivo de Música Gregoriana. Cantorales: 52 Manuscritos, Siglos XIV-XIX. Salamanca, 1993. Boyce, James, O. Carm., Lacoste, Debra and Mitchell, Andrew. Salamanca, Archivo de la Catedral, 5, 6, 7, 8. Printouts from an Index in Machine-Readable Form. A CANTUS Index. Ottawa: The Institute of Mediaeval Music, 2001. ________. "Newly-Discovered Manuscripts for an Old Tradition: The Salamanca Choirbooks," forthcoming in Cantus Planus, Proceeds of the 1998 meeting in Visegrád, to be published by the Hungarian Institute of Musicology. The computer file was prepared by James Boyce, O. Carm. with the editorial assistance of Andrew Mitchell (The University of Western Ontario). Go back to Manuscript Index
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St. Florian, Augustiner-Chorherrenstift - Bibliothek und Musikarchiv, XI 480

Fourteenth-century antiphoner. Non-diastemmatic neumes. 273 folios. Secular cursus.
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 1r-105v: Winter Temporale. 1r, First Sunday of Advent; 8v, Antiphonae majores; 20v, Christmas; 26r, Stephen; 29v, John the Evangelist; 33v, Holy Innocents; 41v, Epiphany; 48r, Dominical and Ferial Offices; 58r, Pre-Lent; 66r, Lent; 84v, Passion Sunday; 89v, Palm Sunday; 96r, Maundy Thursday; 100r, Good Friday; 103r, Holy Saturday.
Ff 105v-142r: Winter Sanctorale. 105v, Andrew; 109v, Nicholas; 113r, Lucy; 114r, Thomas the Apostle; 114v, Fabian and Sebastian; 118r, Agnes; 121v, Conversion of Paul; 122r, Purification; 125v, Blaise; 131v, Agatha; 134v, Peter’s Chair; 135r, Gregory; 138v, Annunciation.
F. 142r, Elizabeth of Hungary; 146r, Catherine.
Ff. 147r-195r: Summer Temporale. 147r, Easter; 159r, Ascension; 162, Pentecost; 166v, Trinity; 169v, Suffrages; 170r, Summer Histories; 187v, Sundays after Pentecost.
Ff. 195r- Summer Sanctorale. 196v, Mark; 197v, Philip and James; 198v, Finding of the Cross; 200r, Alexander and Eventius; 201r, John at the Latin Gate; 201v, John the Baptist; 205v, John and Paul; 207r, Peter and Paul; 212r, Commemoration of Paul; 216r, Mary Magdalene; 219v, Peter’s Chains; 220r, Laurence; 223v, Tiburtius; 223v, Hippolytus; 225r, Assumption; 229r, Beheading of John the Baptist; 231v, Nativity of Mary; 235r, Exaltation of the Cross; 236r, Lambert; 236r, Matthew; 236v, Emmeramus; 237r, Maurice and Companions; 237v, Cosmas and Damian; 237v, Michael; 242r, Gall; 245v, Wolfgangus; 245v, All Saints; 249r, Martin; 253r, Brice; 253v, Othmar; 254r, Cecilia; 257r, Clement.
Ff. 258r-273v: Common of Saints. F. 273v, Dedication; 276v, Margaret; 280r, Easter Versus.
Throughout this manuscript, differentiae for antiphons are given in the margins, apparently in the original hands. These are often accompanied by modal designations in lower-case Roman numerals, also in the original hands. When the mode is not indicated, it can be determined if the exact neume forms of the differentia are given an explicit modal designation elsewhere in the manuscript. In such cases and others in which the mode is evident, but not given explicitly for the particular chant, the mode number is entered into the mode field, but followed by a question mark. If there is any ambiguity, a mode has not been assigned. Differentiae are numbered for each mode in no particular order. There is a series of differentiae for antiphons whose modes cannot be determined. These are characterized by having only a question mark in the mode column. Modes for responsories are provisional; they are based on the neume forms of the eight verse tones and comparison with the other sources in the database. Because of their provisional nature, all mode numbers for responsories are followed by a question mark. Again, if there is any ambiguity (such as in cases where a non-standard tone is given for a verse), a mode has not been assigned.

All chants not found in CAO have been assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by "flo".

The computer file was prepared by Chia-Hsin Ho (University of Vienna) with editorial assistance from Andrew Mitchell (The University of Western Ontario).

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Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek, HB.I.55

Antiphoner from the abbey of Weingarten. Twelfth or thirteenth century. 23.5 x 17.5 cm. German neumes. Monastic cursus. 194 folios, four lacunae.
Liturgical Occasions "at a glance" (refer to the index for complete contents): Ff. 2r-81r: Winter Temporale and Sanctorale. 2r, First Sunday of Advent; lacuna between folios 4 and 5; 14v-15v, Christmas; lacuna; 16r- 21v, John the Evangelist to Epiphany; lacuna; 22r, Epiphany; 24v-28v, Ferial Office; 41r-44r, Gregory; 44r, Benedict; 53r, Ash Wednesday; 73r, Maundy Thursday; 75v-77r, Chants "Ad Mandatum."
Ff. 81r-150v: Summer Temporale and Sanctorale. 81r, Easter; 99r, Ascension; 101r, Pentecost; 104r, Trinity; 112v, Paul; 115r-118r, Mary Magdalene; 121v-123v, King Oswald; 123v-126r, Afra; 126v, Laurence; lacuna; 127r, Assumption of Mary; 136r-138v, Gall; 138v, All Saints; 146r, Andrew; 148v, Nicholas.
Ff. 151r-162v: Common of Saints. Ff. 162v-165r: Dedication of a Church. Ff. 165r-176r: Summer Histories. Ff. 176r-176v: Antiphons "ad Benedicite." Ff. 176v-181v: Sundays after Pentecost. Ff. 181v-185r: Invitatory Tones. Ff. 185v-187r: Office for the Dead. F. 187r: Antiphons "ad Benedictus." Ff. 188r-190r: Benedict. Ff. 191r-191v: Tonary (modes four through eight only).
Stuttgart HB.I.55 was used at the Abbey of Weingarten, a Benedictine house in Wuerttemberg, Germany. Although it was originally founded some time after the year 934 as a house for women religious, the nuns of Weingarten moved to Altomuenster in Freising in 1056, and the monks of Altomuenster moved to Weingarten. Under Welf IV and his wife Judith, Weingarten became an imperial abbey; and after 1088 it followed the customs of Hirsau. The abbey was suppressed in 1803 and restored in 1922. The contents of Stuttgart HB.I.55 are misbound: the table below indicates their correct sequence. 5r-5v: Advent I 2r-3v: Advent I to Advent II 6r-7v: Advent II to Advent III 4r-4v: Advent III lacuna 8r-15v: Lucy to Christmas lacuna 16r-21v: John the Evangelist to Epiphany lacuna 22r-84v: Epiphany to Easter Monday 86r-100v: Easter Monday to Ascension 85r-85v: Ascension 101r-126v: Pentecost to Laurence lacuna 127r-190v: Assumption to Benedict In addition to being misbound and having four lacunae, the manuscript contains two leaves (55 and 157) that have numbers that are repeated on the leaves that follow them: there are two leaves marked 55 and two marked 157. In each instance the recto of the second of the pair of leaves is referred to in the index not as "r" but as "w"; and "x" is used in place of "v" for the verso. This enables them to be distinguished from the leaves that precede them; and when the file is sorted on folio number (including "r," "v," "w," and "x,") the order of folios in the source is preserved. The manuscript is notated in non-diastematic neumes, which makes the identification of mode difficult in many instances. Wherever possible the series of neumes used to notate the verses of responsories have been matched with modal formulas, and the modes of those responsories thus identified. It has also been possible to identify the modes of many antiphons in the index. The manuscript employs two different systems for specifying differentiae: neumes and tonary letters. The neumes appear in the outer margins of the openings, the tonary letters in the inner margins. The index records the tonary letter or letters (if present) in an "extra" field to reflect what appears to be signified by the differentiae given in neumes. These designations are based on the incomplete tonary at the end of the manuscript; tonary letters have been assigned arbitrarily to the differentiae of the first three modes.

Stuttgart HB.I.55 contains several CAO Offices that are known in relatively limited regions (i.e., Gregory, Mary Magdalene, Afra, and Gall) but contains only two Offices not found in CAO, those for King Oswald and Benedict. The text of the former is edited in Analecta hymnica, vol. 13, pp. 209-12, and the text of the latter is also in Analecta hymnica vol. 25, pp. 145-9.

All chants not found in CAO have been assigned an arbitrary number prefixed by "wei".

Selected Bibliography
Autenrieth, J. et al. Die Handschriften der Wuerttembergischen Landesbibliothek Stuttgart. 2nd series, i/1. Wiesbaden: 1968. (See p. 85). Heckenbach, Willibrord. "Das mittelalterlichen Reimoffizium `Praeclarum late' zu den Festen das Heiligen Benedict." In Itinera Domini: Festschrift fuer Emmanuel von Severus OSB zum 80. Geburtstag, 189-210. Muenster: Aschendorff, 1988.
Hughes, Andrew. Late Medieval Liturgical Offices: Resources for Electronic Research. Subsidia Mediaevalia, 23. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1994.
Huglo, Michel. Les tonaires. Inventaire, analyse, comparison. Paris: Huegel, 1971. (See p. 255).

The computer file was prepared at The Catholic University of America by Keith Glaeske.
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