Verbal Magic: Călin Mihăilescu

Verbal Magic

(CompLit 600a; Sept-Dec. 2005; Mondays 1:30-4:30)

Călin Mihăilescu
UC 361; tel. 661-2111 ext. 85862
VAC 200e; tel. tel. 661-2111 ext. 84705
email cmihails@uwo.ca
office hours: Mondays 11-1

Breaking down of the mark:
Class participation 10%
Two oral presentations 2* 15%
Final paper 60% (due by December 27)

“Once you said it, it’s out there and you can’t take it back.” Such an idée reçue ages fast to become timeless, unlike John’s gift-fresh “In the beginning was the word.” Literature is the totality of styles abandoned during Creation, and is thus bound to cast the word-magic in a mosaic of alternate worlds. Magic is the essence of literature’s word. The course invites inquiry into some of literature’s magical transformations of given languages and levels of reality, from the ancients to the 20th century. It also presents the re-embodiments of magic in psychoanalysis and science, propaganda and espionage, politics, and advertising, as these are carried in literature.

Among the authors and texts studied are the Bible, the Magical papyri, the Corpus Hermeticum, St. Ephrem’s “Diatessaron commentary,” Pico della Mirandola, Bruno, Marlowe, Shakespeare, Calderón, Racine, Hölderlin, Blake, Rimbaud, Mallarmé, Tsvetaieva, Celan, Cortázar; also legends and fairy tales. Criticism/theory by Bakhtin, Bateson, Blumenberg, Couliano, Derrida, Eliade, Festugière, Foucault, Frazier, Freud, Mauss, Scholem, and Yates.

Sessions

Sept. 12 introductory

                        syllabi, hand outs, presentations schedule
                        a. main motifs: “words can’t express…”; “you said it, it’s
                        out there”; “the prison house of language”; “words with power”
                        b. ministries of defense – axes of magic and language: contagion
                        and metonymy /sympathy and metaphor
                        c. majas vestidas y desnudas

Sept. 19 Language of God and language of man (1. Jerusalem) Adamic language; the Babel incident (Genesis 2; 9); energy: John 1. The Kabbalah; Golems and ideal languages; the dark script (Exodus 20)

            Mauss, M. A General Theory of Magic. 1950. Tr. R. Brain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972
            Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (Shocken, 1961): 14-8; 132-5
            ___, Kabbalah. New York: New American Library, 1974:
            Benjamin, “On Language as Such and on the Language of Man.” Selected Writings, Cambridge: Belknap/Harvard UP, 1996, 1.62-72
            Rosenzweig, The Star of Redemption, 26-28; 109-11; 124-32; 300-02

Presentations: Benjamin
Rosenzweig

Sept. 26 Language of God and language of man (2. Athens)

Of prophecy and translation. Pythia adapted (Greek myth and practice; Oedipus Rex; virginal syllables (Cassandra in Aeschylus’ Agamemnon)

Benjamin, “The Task of the Translator.” Illuminations, New York: Shocken Books, 1968
Charles Lock, “Conveying the Silence: Towards a Grammatological Theory of Translation,” Literary Research/Recherche littéraire 32 (1999)
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/literary_research-ef/n28-n36/old32/current/Lock.htm
Eco, Umberto, The Search for the Perfect Language, trans. James Fentress. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995

                        Presentations: Aeschylus
                                              Sophocles
                                              Benjamin
                                              Lock

Oct. 3 Afteriority

Magical papyri, Corpus Hermeticum, St. Ephrem
The Greek Magical Papyri, Including the Demotic Spells. Ed. H. D. Betz. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986
Lea, Henry Charles. Materials toward a History of Witchcraft. 3 vols. Ed. Arthur S. Howland. Intr. George Lincoln Burr. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1939

Presentations: Corpus Hermeticum

Oct. 17 Worlds dis/enchanted

Opening up the belly of the universe (Pico, Paracelsus)
Multiple worlds: Bruno

Paracelsus, Selected Writings. Trans. N. Gutterman. Reprint. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1958
Cavendish, Richard, A History of Magic. 1977. London and New York: Arkana, 1990

Copenhaver, Brian P., “Hermes Trismegistus, Proclus, and the Question of a Philosophy of Magic in the Renaissance.” In Hermeticism and the Renaissance: Intellectual History and the Occult in Early Modern Europe. Eds. Ingrid Merkel and Allen‑G. Debus. Washington, DC; London: Folger Shakespeare Library, 1988: 79‑110
Couliano, Ioan P., Eros and Magic in the Italian Renaissance. 1984. Trans. Margaret Cook, foreword Mircea Eliade. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987
Walker, Daniel Pickering, Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella. London: The Warburg Institute, 1958
Yates, Frances A., Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition. 1964. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1990

Presentations: Pico
Paracelsus

Oct. 24          The genealogy of promise (Faust)
                        Marlowe, Doctor Faustus; Goethe, Faust 1;
                        Presentations: Marlowe
                                              Goethe

Nov. 7           The Amulet of the Other (incantation and prayer)
                        old repetition, the hard-on of incantation; rhyme as lethargic magic
                        Rimbaud
                        Dada, Gherasim Luca’s stutter, dreams of the surreal

Nov. 14         Magic of the real
                        Avatars of realism; mimetic and distorting mirrors
                        Yourcenar, “How Huang Fo Was Saved”
                        Borges, “Partial magic in the Quijote”
                        García Márquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude
                        Presentations: García Márquez

Nov. 21         Det erminism: secret codes of defence
                        Detective and spy prose
                        Presentations: Poe’s Dupin pieces
                                                Borges, “Death and the Compass”
                                                John le Carré, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold

Nov. 28 Indeterminism: sick things
Mann, “Mario and the Magician”

Dec. 4            Rebirths of Science
                        Subliminal designs (nature and artifacts)
                        Magic of poetic numbers (Granet, Ghyka)
Thorndike, Lynn. A History of Magic and Experimental Science. 8 vols. New York, MacMillan, 1923-58:

Dec. 6 (make up class for Oct. 31) Word and Image
phantasms & mundus imaginalis

Dec. 11 Advertising and the advent of sex
extra class Regimes of libido: old (Foucault), new (Freud), now

General Bibliography

Primary Literature

The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Eds. Herbert G. May & Bruce M. Metzger. New York: Oxford UP, 1971

Sagrada Biblia. Eds. José María Bovier, S.I. & Francisco Cantera Burgos. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos

Abulafia, Abraham ben Samuel. The Path of the Names. Ed. David Meltzer. Berkeley, London: U of California P, 1973

Artemidorus. The Interpretation of Dreams (Oneirocriticon). Trans. R.J. White. Park Ridge, NJ, 1975

Bruno, Giordano. Jordani Bruni Nolani Opere latine conscripta. Facsimile reprint (of. ed. 1879-91). 3 vols. in 8 parts. Stuttgart: Friedrich Fromann, 1961-2

___. Opere italiane. 2nd ed. 3 vols. Bari: Laterza, 1923-5

___. The Heroic Frenzies. Trans. Paul Eugene Memmo, Jr. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, c. 1964

___. On the Composition of Images, Signs & Ideas. Trans. Charles Doria, ed. Dick Higgins. New York: Willis, Locker & Owens, 1991

Colet, John. Two Treatises on the Hierarchies of Dionysus. Trans. J.H. Lupton. London, 1869

Corpus Hermeticum [CH]. Eds. and trans. A.D. Nock and A.-J. Festugière. 4 vols. Paris, 1946-54; vols. 1-3 reprint, 1983; vol. 4, 1980 reprint [Budé]

Cornelius Agrippa, Henricus (von Nettesheim). The Vanity of Arts and Sciences. London: Printed by J.C. for Samuel Speed, 1676

___. La Philosophie occulte, ou La Magie ... 5th. ed. Paris: Editions Traditionnelles, 1979C

Covarrubias, Sebastián de. Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española. 1611. Ed. Martín de Riquer. Barcelona: Horta, 1943

Dee, John. A True and Faithful Relation of what Passed for Many Years between Dr. Dee and Some Spirits. London: Askin, 1974

___. Autobiographical Tracts of Dr. John Dee. Ed. James Crossley. Manchester: Printed for the Chetham Society, 1851

Denys ([Pseudo-]Dionysius) the Areopagite. The Complete Work of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. Trans. Colm Luibheld. New York, Mahwah: The Paulist Press, 1985

Ficino, Marsilio. Commentary on Plato’s Symposium on Love. Trans., intro., and notes Sears Jayne. Dallas: Spring Publications, 1985

___. Three Books on Life. Ed. and trans. (of De vita coelitus comparanda, also called De triplici vita) Carol V. Kaske and John R. Clark. Binghamton: SUNY Press / Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, 1989

Fludd, Robert. Philosophia Moysaica (English). London: Humphrey Moseley, 1659

___. Philosophicall Key. Ed. Allen Debus. New York: Science History Publications, c. 1979

The Greek Magical Papyri, Including the Demotic Spells. Ed. H. D. Betz. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986

Scott, Walter, ed. and trans. Hermetica. The Ancient Greek and Latin Writings which Contain Religious or Philosophical Teachings Ascribed to Hermes Trismegistus. 3 vols. 1924. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1968

Ignatius Loyola, St. The Spiritual Exercises. Trans. Elisabeth Meier Tetlow. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987

Jamblichus. On the Pythagorean Way of Life. Ed. and trans. John Dillon, and Jackson Hershbell. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1991.

The Key of Solomon. Ed. S.L.M. Matters. Reprint. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972

Lea, Henry Charles. Materials toward a History of Witchcraft. 3 vols. Ed. Arthur S. Howland. Intr. George Lincoln Burr. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1939

Luck, Georg, trans. and introd. Magic and Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds. A collection of Ancient Texts. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1985

Lulio, Raimundo (Ramón Llull; Raymundus Lullus). Obras literarias. Madrid: BAC, 1948

Malleus Maleficarum. Trans. M. Summers. London: Pushkin Press, 1951

Moses of Leon. Zohar: the Book of Splendor. Ed. Gershom Scholem. New York: 1949

Paracelsus. Selected Writings. Trans. N. Gutterman. Reprint. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1958

___. The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Theophrastus Bombast of Hohenheim Called Paracelsus the Great. Ed. and trans. Arthur Edward Waite (1894). Reprint. New York: University Books, 1967

___. The Archidoxes of Magic. Trans. R. Turner (1656). London: Askin; New York: Samuel Weiser, 1975

Pico della Mirandola. On the Dignity of Man, On Being and the One, Heptaplus. Trans. Charles Glenn Wallis, Paul J.W. Miller and Douglas Carmichael. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill / The Library of Liberal Arts, 1965

___. (Joannis et J.F. Pici). Opera omnia. 2 vols. Basel 1557-73. Reprint. Hildesheim, 1965

___. Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinatricem. Ed. Eugenio Garin. 2 vols. Florence: Vallechi, 1946-51

Plato. The Collected Works of Plato. Ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns. Bollingen Series, 71. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963

Plotinus. The Enneads. Trans. Stephen Mackenna. 2nd ed. London: Faber and Faber, 1956

Pontus de Tyard. The Universe (Deux discours de la nature du Monde et de ses parties, Paris 1578). Ed. J.C. Lapp. New York: Columbia UP, 1950

Proclus. The Elements of Theology. Ed. and trans. E.R.Dodds. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1963

Vaughan, Thomas. The Works of Thomas Vaughan. Ed. Alan Rudrum with Jennifer Drake-Brockman. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994

Secondary Literature

*** Corrientes espirituales en España del siglo XVI. Trabajos del II Congreso de espiritualidad. Barcelona: Flors, 1963

Alcalá, Angel, ed. The Spanish Inquisition and the Inquisitorial Mind. Atlantic Studies on Society in Change. Boulder, Colo.: Social Science Monographs, 1987

Allard, Jean‑Paul. ADu second charme de Mersebourg au Viatique de Weingarten.@ Etudes Indo‑Européennes (Lyon [EtIE]) 1985 Sept., 14, 33‑53

Allers, Rudolf. AMicrocosmos: From Anaximander to Paracelsus.@ Traditio 2 (1944): 319-407

Andrés, M. La teología española en el siglo XVI. Madrid, 1976, 2 vols.

Antohi, Sorin. AL’Imaginaire de la Renaissance et les origines de l’esprit moderne: Le Modèle Ioan Petru Culianu.@ Euresis: Cahiers roumaines d’études littéraires 1993, 1‑2, 134‑43

Ariès, Philippe. “Saint Paul et la chair.@ Communications 35 (1982): 34-6

Asín Palacios, Miguel. El Islam cristianizado. Madrid, 1931

Barthes, Roland. Fragments d’un discours amoureux. Paris: Seuil, 1977 (Engl. trans. Fragments of a Lover’s Discourse, 1978)

Bastiaensen, M. ALe don des langues.@ La Pensée et les hommes 7 (1974): 230-45

Bataille, Georges. Death and Sensuality: a study of eroticism and the taboo. New York: Walker, 1962

___. Theory of Religion. New York: Zone Books, 1992

Bateson, Gregory. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972

Benecke, E.F. Vergil in the Middle Ages. New York: G.E. Atechert & Co., 1929

Berkert, Walter. Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism. Tr. E. Minar. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1972

Biezais, Haralds, ed. Religious Symbols and Their Functions. n.p. (Copenhagen?), 1979

Blacking, John, ed. The Anthropology of the Body. London: Academic Press, 1977

Blau, J.L. The Christian Interpretation of the Cabala in the Renaissance. New York: Columbia UP, 1944

Bloom, Harold. Kabbalah and Criticism. New York: Seabury Press, 1975

Bloomfield, Morton. The Seven Deadly Sins. 2nd edn. East Lansing, MI, 1967

Blumenberg, Hans. The Legitimacy of the Modern Age. 1966/1973. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1983

Boas, Marie. The Scientific Renaissance 1450-1630. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1962

Bonfante, Giuliano. ADante e la magia.@ Aevum (Rassegna di Scienze Storiche, Linguistiche, Filologiche, Milan) 1991 May‑Aug, 65:2, 313

Braun, Lucien, et al. Paracelse. Paris: Albin Michel / Cahiers de l’Hermétisme, 1980

Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity. London: Thames & Hudson, 1971

Budge, Alice, and Emil Dickstein. AThe Doctor as Patient: Bioethical Dilemmas Reflected in Literary Narratives.@ Literature and Medicine (Baltimore [L&M]) 1988, 7, 132‑7

Bugge, J. Virginitas: An Essay in the History of a Medieval Ideal. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1975

Burnett, Charles S. F., and Marie Stoklund. AScandinavian Runes in a Latin Magical Treatise.@ Speculum (A Journal of Medieval Studies, Cambridge, MA [Speculum]) 1983, Apr., 58:2, 419‑29

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter. On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993

Caro Baroja, Julio. Vidas mágicas e Inquisición. 2 vols. Madrid: Taurus, 1967

___. Teatro popular. Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1974

Cassirer, Ernst. The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. Trans. Ralph Manheim. New Haven: Yale UP, 1955

___. The Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy. 1927. Trans. Mario Domandi. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1963

___, P.O. Kristeller, and J.H. Randall, eds. The Renaissance Philosophy of Man. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1948

Castelli, E., ed. Umanesimo e esoterismo. Padua, 1960

Cavendish, Richard. The Magical Arts. London: Arkana, 1967

___. A History of Magic. 1977. London and New York: Arkana, 1990

___, ed. Encyclopedia of the Unexplained. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974

Caverni, Fernanda. AIl Masque of Queens e la magia rinascimentale.@ Acme (Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia‑dell’Università degli Studi di Milano) 1985 Jan.‑Apr., 38:1, 5‑29

Cazelles, Brigitte. Les Corps de Sainteté. Geneva: Droz, 1982

Céard, Jean. ALa Notion de ‘miraculum’ dans la pensée de Cardan.@ In Acta Conventus Neo‑Latini Turonensis. Ed. Jean‑Claude Margolin. Paris: Vrin, 1980: 925‑37

___. La Curiosité à la Renaissance. Ed., pref. & foreword Jean Céard. Paris: Soc. d’Eds. d’Enseignement Superieur, 1986: 71‑97

Chastel, André. Marsile Ficin et l’art. Geneva: Droz, 1954

Cheetham, Erica. The Prophecies of Nostradamus. New York: Putnam, 1972

Cilveti, Angel. El demonio en el teatro de Calderón. Valencia: Albatros, 1977

Copenhaver, Brian P. AScholastic Philosophy and Renaissance Magic in the De Vita of Marsilio Ficino.@ Renaissance Quarterly (New York, [RenQ]) 1984 Winter, 37:4, 523‑54

___. AHermes Trismegistus, Proclus, and the Question of a Philosophy of Magic in the Renaissance.@ In Hermeticism and the Renaissance: Intellectual History and the Occult in Early Modern Europe. Eds. Ingrid Merkel and Allen‑G. Debus. Washington, DC; London: Folger Shakespeare Library, 1988: 79‑110

Crosland, Maurice P. Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry. London, 1962

Couliano, Ioan P. Eros and Magic in the Italian Renaissance. 1984. Trans. Margaret Cook, foreword Mircea Eliade. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987

___. Les Gnoses dualistes de l’Occident. Histoire et Mythes. Paris: Plon, 1991 (Engl. trans.)

___. AA Corpus for the Body.@ Journal of Modern History 63 (March, 1991): 61-80

Cumont, Franz. Astrology and Religion Among the Greeks and Romans. Reprint. New York: Dover, 1960

Curtius, Ernst Robert. European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages. 1948. Trans. W. Trask. New York: Pantheon Books, 1953.

Deacon, Richard. John Dee: Scientist, Geographer, Astrologer and Secret Agent to Elizabeth. New York: Amherst, 1968

Debus, Allen. The Chemical Philosophy: Paracelsian Science and Medicine in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. 2 vols. New York, 1977

___. Man and Nature in the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1978

Dee, John. The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee. London: Printed for the Camden Society, 1842

de Lubac, Henri. Corpus mysticum. 1944. 2nd ed. Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1949

___. ARegio dissimilitudinis de Platon à Saint Bernard de Clairvaux.@ Mediaeval Studies, 9, (1947): 108-30

___. Pic de la Mirandole. Paris: Aubier Montaigne, 1974

Deshpande, Madhav M. AChanging Conceptions of the Veda: From Speech‑Acts to Magical Sounds.@ Brahmavidya, (The Adyar Library Bulletin, Adyar, Madras, India [AdLB]) 1990, 54, 1‑41

DeSpirito, Angelomichele. AMagia e religione nel Sud.@ In Sociologia della cultura popolare in Italia. Ed. Roberto Cipriani. Naples: Liguori, 1979: 261‑281

Dodds, E.R. Pagan and Christian in an Age of Anxiety. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1965

Dreyer, J.L. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler. 2nd ed. New York: Dover, 1953

DSy. Dictionnaire de symboles. Eds. Jean Chevalier & Alain Gheerbrant. Rev. ed. Paris: Laffont/Jupiter, 1982

Easlea, Brian. Witch Hunting, Magic, and the New Philosophy. Brighton, 1980

Eco, Umberto. La quête d’une langue parfaite dans l’histoire de la culture européenne. Nancy: Bialec, 1993

Edgerton, Samuel Y. The Renaissance Discovery of Linear Perspective. New York: Basic Books, 1975

Eisenbichler, Konrad, and Olga Zorzi Pugliese, eds. Ficino and Renaissance Neoplatonism. Ottawa: Dovehouse Editions / U of Toronto Italian Studies I, 1986

Eliade, Mircea. Traité d’histoire des religions. Paris: Payot, 1949 (Engl. trans.)

___. Naissances mystiques. Paris, Payot, 1957

___. Le chamanisme et les technique archaïques de l’extase. Paris: Payot, 1974, 2nd. ed (Engl. trans.)

___. Histoire des idées et des croyances religieuses. 4 vols. (Engl. trans.) Paris: Seuil, 1983-92

___, gen. ed. MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religions. 16 vols. New York: MacMillan, 1987

Elliott, R.W.V. Runes. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1959

Eriksen, R. T. AMnemonics and Giordano Bruno’s Magical Art of Composition.@ Cahiers Elisabethains (Late Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Montpellier [CahiersE]) 20 (Oct. 1981): 3‑10

Fadini, Ubaldo. ALa sensibilità del segno: Magia linguistica e pensiero della separazione in Walter Benjamin.@ Nuova Corrente (Rivista di Letteratura, Milan, [NC]) 1982 Jan.‑Apr., 29:87, 33‑58

Feher, Michel, with Ramona Naddaff and Nadia Tazi, eds. Fragments for a History of the Human Body. 3 vols. New York: Zone Books, 1989

Fergusson, Margaret W. ASaint Augustine’s Region of Unlikeness: the Crossing of Exile and Language.@ Georgia Review, 29 (1975): 824-64

Fergusson, W.K. The Renaissance in Historical Thought. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1948

Ferrer‑Bohorquez, Eulalio. ALa logica de la magia.@ Revista de Occidente (Madrid [RO]) 1987 Mar., 70, 19‑28

Festugière, A.-J. La Philosophie de l’amour chez Marsile Ficin et son influence sur la littérature française au XVIe siècle. Paris: Vrin, 1941

___. La révélation d’Hermès Trismégiste. 4 vols. Paris: Gabalda, 1950-54; reprint 4 vols. in 3, 1983

___. Hermétisme et mystique païenne. Paris: AubierCMontaigne, 1967

Flandrin, J.-L. Le Sexe et l’Occident: Evolution des attitudes et des comportements. Paris: du Seuil, 1981

Fodor, Alexander. AArabic Bowl Divination and the Greek Magical Papyri.@ In Proceedings of the Colloquium on Popular Customs and Monotheistic Religions in the Middle East and North Africa. Ed. A. Fodor and A. Shivtiel. Budapest: Eotvos Lorand Univ. & Sect. of Islamic Studies, Csoma de Koros Soc., 1994: 73‑101

Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things: An Archeology of Human Sciences. Trans. (of Les Mots et les choses: une archéologie des sciences humaines, 1966) Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage, 1970

___. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. Trans. (of Surveiller et punir, 1975) Alan Sheridan. New York: Random/Vintage, 1977

___. The Use of Pleasure. Vol. 2 of The History of Sexuality. Trans (of L’Usage des plaisirs, 1984) Robert Hurley. New York: Random House, 1990

Frangenberg, Thomas. APerspectivist Aristotelianism: Three Case‑Studies of Cinquecento Visual Theory.@ Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes (JWCI) 1991, 54, 137‑58

Frazer, J.G. The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion. 12 vols. New York: MacMillan: 1911-15

French, Peter, J. John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus. London: Routledge, 1972

Gallego‑Alfonso, Emilia. AApuntes sobre la presencia de la magia en La Edad de Oro.@ Universidad de La Habana (UdLH) 1987, 229: 165‑71

Garin, Eugenio. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. Vita e dottrina. Florence: Le Monnier, 1937

___. La cultura filosofica del Rinascimento italiano. Florence: Sansoni, 1961 (Engl. trans.)

___. Astrology in the Renaissance: The Zodiac of Life. 1976. Trans. Carolyn Jackson and June Allen. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983

Gilbert, R. A. AMagical Manuscripts: An Introduction to the Archives of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.@ Yeats Annual (Basingstoke, Hants, [YeA]) 1987, 5, 163‑77

Gilson, Etienne. History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages. London: Aheed and Ward, 1955

Gombrich, Ernst. AIcones symbolicae: Philosophies of Symbolism and Their Bearing upon Art.@ In Symbolic Images: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance 2. Oxford: Blackwell, 1972

Hacking, Ian. The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction and Certainty in Seventeenth-Century England. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1982

Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton, Adventurer in Thought. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992

Heidegger, Martin. AThe Age of the World Picture.@ 1938. In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. Trans. William Lovitt. Toronto: Harper, 1977

Hesse, Mary. Models and Analogies in Science. Notre Dame: U of Notre Dame Press, 1966

Higby, Gregory. A History of Pharmacy: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1995

Hine, William L. AMarin Mersenne: Renaissance Naturalism and Renaissance Magic.@ In Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance, ed. Brian Vickers. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1984: 165‑76

Hirst, Desirée. AMysticism and Magic: Distinctions and Connections.@ Studies in Mystical Literature (Wilmington, MA [SMLit]) 1982 Jan., 2:1, 18‑34

Holmyard, E.J. Alchemy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957

Hopper, V.H. Medieval Number Symbolism. New York: Columbia UP, 1938

Howe, J.R. Marlowe, Tamburlaine and Magic. Athens, Ohio: U of Ohio P, 1976

Huizinga, Johann. The Waning of the Middle Ages. 1928. Garden City NY: Doubleday, 1954

Ingwersen, Sonya A. ALeonardo da Vinci as Mage and Occult Master in Nineteenth‑Century Spanish Literature.@ Tenth Louisiana Conf. on Hispanic Langs. & Lits. In La Chispa ‘89: Selected Proceedings. Ed. Paolini‑Gilbert. New Orleans: Tulane Univ., 1989: 191‑9

Iversen, E. The Myth of Egypt and Its Hieroglyphics in the European Tradition. Copenhagen, 1961

Jung, C.G. Psychology and Alchemy. Trans. R.F.K. Hull. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1953

Kantorowicz, Ernst H. The King’s Two Bodies. A Study in Medieval Political Theology. Princeton NJ: Princeton UP, 1957

Klibansky, R., Erwin Panofsky, and Fritz Saxl. Saturn and Melancholy. London: Nelson, 1964

Koenigsberger, Dorothy. Renaissance Man and Creative Thinking: A History of Concepts of Harmony, 1400-1700. Atlantic ighlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1979

Kontzi, Reinhold. ALa magia en textos aljamiados; Estudios miscelaneos, I.@ In Homage, homenaje, homenatge: Miscelanea de estudios de amigos y discipulos. 2 vols. Eds. Antonio Torres‑Alcalá, Victorio Aguera, Nathaniel B. Smith, and Josep Maria Sola Sole. Barcelona: Puvill Libros, 1984: 1.179‑204

Koyré, Alexandre. From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe. 2nd. ed. Trans. New York, 1958

___. Mystiques, spirituels, alchimistes: Schwenckfeld, Séb. Franck, Weigel, Paracelse. 1955. Paris: Gallimard, 1971

Kristeller, P. O. Eight Philosophers of the Italian Renaissance. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1964

___. The Philosophy of Marsilio Ficino. 1943. Reprint, Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1964

___. Aspects of Renaissance Learning. Durham: North Carolina UP, 1974

le Goff, Jacques. ABody and Ideology in the Medieval West,@ AGestures in Purgatory,@ and AThe Repudiation of Pleasure.@ 1983; 1984. In The Medieval Imagination. Trans. Arthur Goldhammer. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1988: 83-5; 88-92; 93-103

Levack, Brian P., ed. Renaissance Magic (vol. 11 of Articles on Witchcraft, Magic and Demonology. A Twelve Volume Anthology of Scholarly Articles). New York: Garland, 1992

Lima, Robert. Dark Prisms. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1995

López Pinero, José María. AParacelsus and His Work in 16th and 17th-Century Spain. Clio Medica (Amsterdam), 1973: 113-41

Lovejoy, A.O. The Great Chain of Being. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1942

Mandrou, Robert. From Humanism to Science, 1480 to 1700. Oxford, Oxford UP, 1978

Marcel, Raymond. Marsile Ficin. Paris: Vrin, 1958

Mauss, Marcel. A General Theory of Magic. 1950. Tr. R. Brain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972

McCutcheon, Elizabeth. ABacon and the Cherubim: An Iconographical Reading of the New Atlantis.@ English Literary Renaissance 2 (1972): 334-55

Mebane, John S. Renaissance Magic and the Return of the Golden Age: The Occult Tradition and Marlowe, Jonson, and Shakespeare. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1989

Merkel, Ingrid, and Allen Debus. Hermeticism and the Renaissance: Intellectual History and the Occult in Early Modern Europe. Washington, D.C., 1988

Meslin, Michel, ed. Le Merveilleux: L’imaginarie et les croyances en Occident. Paris: Bordas, 1984

Naert, Charles Garfield. Agrippa and the Crisis of Renaissance Thought. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1965

Nauert, Charles D. AMagic and Scepticism in Agrippa’s Thought.@ Journal of the History of Ideas 18 (1957): 161-82

Needham, Rodney. Reconnaissances. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1980

Pagel, Walter. Introduction to the Philosophical Medicine of the Renaissance

___, and Pyarali Rattansi. AVesalius and Paracelsus.@ Philosophia 1965: 739-42

Pavia, Mario N. Drama del Siglo de Oro: A Study of Magic, Witchcraft, and Other Occult Beliefs. New York: Hispanic Institute, 1950

Power, Rosemary. AGeasa and Alog: Magic Formulae and Perilous Quests in Gaelic and Norse.@ Scottish Studies (Edinburgh [ScS]) 1987, 28, 69‑89

Rosenau, Helen. Vision of the Temple: The Image of the Temple of Jerusalem in Judaism and Christianity. London, 1979

Rosu, Arion. AMantra et yantra dans la medecine et l’alchimie indiennes.@ Journal Asiatique (Paris [JAsiat]) 1986, 274:1‑2, 203‑68

Rouselle, Aline. Porneia: De la Maîtrise du corps à la privation sensorielle (II-IVe siècle de l’ère chrétienne). Paris: PUF, 1983

Rubin, Miri. Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991

Russell, Jeffrey Burton. Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984

Saint-Saëns, J., ed. Religion, Body, and Gender in Early Modern Spain. San Franscisco: Edwin Mellen Research UP, 1991

Sammons, Robert. AParallels between Magico‑Religious Healing and Clinical Hypnosis Therapy.@ In Herbal and Magical Medicine: Traditional Healing Today. Eds. James Kirkland, F. Mathews‑Holly, C.-W. Sullivan III, and Karen Baldwin, eds. Durham: Duke UP, 1992: 53‑67

Schiller, Gertrud. Iconography of Christian Art. Trans. J. Seligman. London: Humphries, 1972

Scholem, Gershom. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism. 1941. New York: Schocken, 1961

___. Kabbalah. New York: New American Library, 1974

Schuyler, William M., Jr. ARecent Developments in the Theory of Spell Construction.@ In The Aesthetics of Fantasy Literature and Art. Eds. Roger C. Schlobin. Notre Dame: U of Notre Dame P, 1982: 237‑48

Segal, Robert A. The Poimandres as Myth. Scholarly Theory and Gnostic Meaning. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1986

Seligman, Kurt. The History of Magic. New York, 1948

Severin, Dorothy Sherman. ACelestina and the Magical Empowerment of Women.@ Celestinesca 17 (Nov. 1993): 2.9‑28

Sherman, William. John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance. Amherst: Massachusetts University Press, 1995

Shumaker, Wayne. The Occult Sciences in the Renaissance. A Study in Intellectual Patterns. Berkeley: U of California Press, 1972

___. Renaissance curiosa: John Dee’s conversations with angels, Girolamo Cardano’s horoscope of Christ, Johannes Trithemius and cryptography. Binghamton: SUNY Press / Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, 1982

Sijpesteijn, P. J. ARemarks on Some Magical Gems.@ Aegyptus (Rivista Italiana di Egittologia e di Papirologia, Milan) 1989 Jan‑Dec, 69:1‑2, 119‑21

Smith, Huston. AIs There a Perennial Philosophy?@ Journal of the American Academy of Religion 55 (Fall 1987): 553-66

Sorensen, Jorgen Podemann. AThe Argument in Ancient Egyptian Magical Formulae.@ Acta Orientalia (Societates Orientales Danica, Fennica, Norvegica, Svecica, Copenhagen [AODNS]) 1984, 45, 5‑19

Spitz, Lewis W. The Religious Renaissance of the German Humanists. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1963

Tambiah, S.J. AForm and Meaning of Magical Acts: A Point of View.@ In Modes of Thought: Essays on Thinking in Western and Non-Western Societies. Ed. Robin Horton and Ruth Finnegan. London, 1973: 199-229

Thomas, Keith. Religion and the Decline of Magic. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971

Thompson, Stith. The Folktale. New York: Dryden Press, 1946

Thorndike, Lynn. A History of Magic and Experimental Science. 8 vols. New York, MacMillan, 1923-58

Trachtenberg, J. Jewish Magic and Superstition. 1943. Reprint. New York: Meridian, 1961

Trevor-Roper, H.R. The European Witch-craze of the 16th and 17th Centuries. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969

Trinkhaus, Charles. In Our Image and Likeness: Humanity and Divinity in Italian Humanist Thought. 2 vols. London, 1970

van Gennep, Arnold. The Rites of Passage. 1908. Trans. M.B. Vizedom and G.L. Caffee. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960

Vasoli, Cesare. AL’Analogie dans le langage de la magie a la Renaissance.@ Trans. D. Lesur. In La Magie et ses langages. Ed. & pref. Margaret Jones‑Davies. Lille: PU de Lille, 1980: 43‑56

Vauchez, André. La spiritualité du moyen âge occidental VIII-XIIe siècles. Paris: PUF, 1975

Veith, I. AFreud, Jung and Paracelsus: Historical Reflections.@ In Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. Chicago, 1975: 513-21

Vickers, Brian. AFrances Yates and the Writing of History.@ Journal of Modern History 51 (1979): 287-316

___, ed. Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1984

Waegeman, Maryse. AAroriphrasis: Aphrodite’s Magical Name.@ L’Antiquité Classique (Louvain‑la‑Neuve, Belgium [AntC]) 1992, 61, 237‑42

Walker, Daniel Pickering. AThe Prisca Theologia in France.@ Journal of the Warburg Courtauld Institute [JWCI] 17 (1954): 204-59

___. Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella. London: The Warburg Institute, 1958

___. Unclean Spirits: Possession and Exorcism in France and England in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries. London: Scholar Press, 1981

Wescott, Roger W. AThe Magical Play of the Mind.@ Quaderni di Semantica (Rivista Internazionale di Semantica Teorica e Applicata; Bologna, [QSem]) 1982 Dec., 3:2 (6), 347‑9

Westfall, Richard, S. The Life of Isaac Newton. New York: Cambridge UP, 1993

Wind, Edgar. Pagan Mysteries in the Renaissance. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967

Wittkower, Rudolf. AHieroglyphics in the Early Renaissance.@ In Allegory and the Migration of Symbols. Boulder, Colo., 1977: 114-28

Yates, Frances A. Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition. 1964. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1990

___. The Occult Tradition in the Elizabethan Age. London, 1979

___. The Rosicrucian Enlightenment. London, 1972

Zago, Ester. AMagia come allucinazione: La foresta incantata nel XIII canto della Gerusalemme Liberata.@ Selecta (Journal of the Pacific Northwest Council on Foreign Languages, Corvallis, OR [Selecta]) 1986, 7, 117‑22