| From R.L. Morrill, The Spatial Organization of Society, Wadsworth Publishing Co, 1970 | Change Agent |
| Physician's Office | Trend toward group practice in clinics -- computer consulting service--- remote diagnosis-- telemetering of physiological information -- integration with human development service |
| "Transportation also depends on land-form conditions" (p. l0) | ATVs, STOL/VTOL aircraft, GEMs (ground effect machines), helicopters, electronic communication |
| "Urban and industrial settlement in rugged terrain is costly" (p. 10) | Prefabs, GEMs, automation, electronic communication, remote control |
| "Agriculture is limited to locations where the climate is suitable" (p. 10) | Nuplexes, weather control, hydroponics, artificial photosynthesis, factory-produced synthetic food, plant engineering |
| "Persons at a greater distance from a major center of control must pay extra costs and are placed in an unequal position" (p. 13) | Satellite audio-visual communication, CATV, telefactoring, ESP |
| "There is often a very great contrast between the cultural capital and the provincial capital" (p. 14) | Mass media, ETV, communication satellite, miniaturized libraries |
| "The benefits of agglomeration." (p. 14) | Electronic communication, N/C machine tools, remote shopping, time-sharing (T/S) computation |
| "The size and complexity of the units of organization have great influence on iocation and development" (p. 14) | Electronic communication, OLRT T/S systems |
| "The shape of units of organization ... significantly affects the cost of maintaining control..." (p. 14) | Information technology |
| "Relative location - natural waterways - transportation net - centers of development" (p 15) | Information technology, ATVs, VTOL a/c |
| "Virtually all theory of spatial organization assumes that the structure space is based on the principles minimum distance and maximum utility of points and areas within the structure. .." (p. 15) | Electronic communication, personal space, mental health, pollution control |
| "Level of development" (as a locational determinant) (p. 16) | Automation, remote control |
| "Returns to scale" (p. 17) | Pollution control, automation , OLRT T/S systems, need for redundancy |
| "Kind of Social and Economic System "price---provldes a mechanism for achieving the efficient use of space..." (p. 18) | Mental health,personal space, automated abundance economics, affluence, social costs |
| "political influences" | Multinational corporations, economic communities, separatism, government contracts, role of universities, planetization |
| "Goals of Spatial Behavior: 1. to max the net utility of areas...at minimum input 2. to max the spatial inter-relations at minimum cost 3. to bring related activities as close together as possible 4. (some people satisfice instead of maximize.) (p. 20) | Maximize human welfare, bioengineering, psychopharmacology, electronic communication |
| "Govemment policies add to the problem by guaranteeing the right to be a farmer and increasing arable land with irrigation projects." (p. 49) | Computerized central accounting systems, remote-sensing satellites, self-actualization, automation, computerized bargaining |
| "Towns grew up as an extension of... principle of minimizing distance." (p. 61 ) | Or of maximizing social inter-communication; electronic communication can further increase this without distance constraint. Electronic shopping, education, medical diagnosis and treatment, legal advice etc., self diagnosing equipment (cars, TVs, appliances, etc.) via minicomputers |
| "Families cannot stock groceries for long periods, and people demand that such activities be reasonably close." (p. 63) | Remote-shopping via home consoles, etc., makes closeness irrelevant (24 hour servlce?) |
| "Central place theory" (minimum aggregate travel point) | Travelling salesman problem, electronic shopping, "global village", growth of specialized cities, experimental and intentional communities, guerrilla TV via cassette and cable, standardization and modularization |
| "...larger places having greater quantities of the same goods will have a competitive advantage" (p. 71 ) | Electronic audio-visual shopping, electronic catalogue In OLRT T/S mode, electronic banking, antimaterialist trend |
| "To keep in business, the retail outlet chooses a location 1....central accessibility 2....mutually beneficial groups 3. ..as far from competing groups as possible ( p. 74) | Electronic OLRT T/S information system, automated warehouses, rapid transit, electronic travel to Paris and Tokyo fashion centers |
| "Wholesale trade "The producer can neither spend the time nor afford to handle countless small orders from retailers (ditto in reverse for retailers)" (p. 76) | Computer's speed and flexlbility may reduce these problems in an automated physical distribution system, leading to direct producer-consumer flows |
| " industrial banking and investment services seek large-city and downtown locations for the convenience of... customers..." (p. 77) | Electronic intercommunication financial systems (e.g. NASDAQ) |
| "Schools need to be located centrally for their pupils" (p. 78) | CAI, OLRT information systems, home audio-visual consoles, electronic library systems |
| "weakening of regional and local self-sufficiency by great demand for long-distance movement of raw materials " (p. 80) | Molecular engineering, thermonuclear power, ocean- mining ,asteroid mining, plastic substitutes, movement of process information |
| "Factors determining industrial location" (pp. 80-86) | Ecological control |
| "Capital" | Information economy |
| "Agglomeration economies" | Electronic surveillance (protection), individualized waste and energy systems, machine systems, pollution control, automation, shorter workweek (enabling longer journey-to-work,(if relevant)) |
| "Returns to scale" | Machine flexibility with computer control, mass production of job-lots |
| "Ideal urban rent gradient" (p. 165) | OLRT T/S information systems replace CBD, and psychosocial space enters |
| "Spatial substitutions: 1. ..land costs and transport costs 2. (a) .. production costs .. and transport costs... 2. (b) ..production cost savings from agglomeration and transport costs 2. (c).. self-sufficiency and trade (pp. 176-177) | Also transportation and communication may substitute for one another |
| "Gradient-hierarchy landscape" (p. 178) | Uniform, costless, communication net |
| "Regional structure" (p. 184) | Geocoding and regional information systems |