Online courses, learning tools and education-related issues

• The Virginia Tech GeoSim Project
• The geography of the information society
• Undergrad course: Frontiers in Geography.
• The Geographer's Craft Project.
• Digital Communities Course
• Distance learning and the demise of the professoriate
• How the Information Highway can Transform Education. Reflections on McLuhan's Vision.
• Penn State Geography Resources
• Mindweave: Communication, Computers and Distance Education
• Reinventing Schools: The Technology is Now!
• Information on Distance Education on the WWW
• Subject-Indexed World-Wide Reference Room
• Distance Learning Directory
• Macintosh Educators' Page
• Distance Education Subject Guide
• A Tool for Teaching Linear Programming
• Lecture Outline and Reading Guide on Input-Output Analysis
• Online Geography Projects
• The World Lecture Hall
• Using the World Wide Web to Build Learning Communities in K-12
• On-Line Courses in Geography
• Human Geography - Follow the Links
• Virtual Geography Department Project
• Migrating from Paper-Based Course Materials to Interactive, Web-Based, Multimedia Courseware
• On-Line Discussions about Geography
• Evolving a Distributed Learning Community
• Shaping Cyberspace Into Human Space
• TheU: a World Virtual University Project
• The 21st Century Electronic Learning Institution
• Lessons in Biogeography
• New Zealand Prehistory and Biogeography
• World-Wide Intelligent Textbooks
• Promoting The Educated Use Of Spatial Data: The Internet, Worldwide Web, and NSDI
• Qualitative Research Text Resources
• Foundations for the Learning Web
• Preparing Citizens for the 21st Century.Geography: Learning About Our World(1994) - a pdf file
• The Online World Resources Handbook
• CTIGGM: Teaching and Learning Support for Higher Education
• Distance Instruction for Adult Learning
• Redefining Teaching in a Disintermediated World
• Your CASO Guide: The Internet University
• Towards A New Paradigm For Scholarly Communication
• Electronic Publishing And Scholarly Communication On The Internet
• Scholarly Communication in the Next Millenium Conference
• Demise of Scholarly Journals?
• Archie Zariski's WWW Bookmarks - Electronic Communications
• Busy Teachers' WebSite
• The Digital Education Network: A resource for teachers and students
• Brown Library Electronic Resources
• Beyond Distributed Multimedia: A Virtual Forum for Learning
• Krumme's Educational Resource Page
• A Look at the Future Now
• Mark/Space: Homepage - an extensive library resource in cyberspace
• CTI Centre for Geography, Geology and Meteorology Home Page
• Networked Education
• Online Courses in Geography
• The Internet, Technological Change and Higher Education
• Being Lean And Meaningful In The 1990s
• The Political Economy of Cyberschool
• CMC Networks & the Organizational Life of Schools
• Internet va-t-il remplacer le professeur?
• Frank Potter's Science Gems - Earth Science I
• Welcome to Reinventing Schools: The Technology Is Now!
• World Lecture Hall - Geography
• Geography Teachers' Association of NSW
• Machine Space
• Education, Training And Research In The Information Society. A National Strategy
• The Internet, Technological Change and Higher Education
• Geography Resources - mainly for kids
• Geography of and on the Internet
• The Internet and WWW in Teaching and Learning
• Computer-Mediated Education And The Future Of The University
• Cybercitation
• Ministry of Education and Training: Distance Education Links
• Why Telecommuting for Work and Learning
• Community Networks: A National Education Perspective (Australia)
• Learning Online: Geography
• Internet Geography Tutorial: Geography Resources Main Menu
• Online Course for Gifted and Talented
• Towards the Virtual University?
• The University in the Information Society
• The Internet as a Learning Tool: Planning Perspectives (the Singapore Experience)
• The Virtual University: Space, Community and Practice
• Information and Its Social Contexts; Course Overview
• Online Economics Textbooks
• Learning in Cyberspace: CMC and Distance Education
• Promoting the Educated Use of Spatial Data
• Spatial Data in the Classroom
• Learning on the Web 1998 - an online book
• Canadian Education on the Web
• Chaos, Complexity, and Flocking Behavior: Metaphors for Learning
• 21st Century Learning Initiative: Article: Executive Summary: Synthesis
• A Learning College for the 21st Century
• Technology In Education: Putting The Internet In Its Place
• Geography Pedagogy Link Page
• New Horizons in Distance Education
• Facing the Future
• Books On-Line: TITLES
• "Hyperlearning" by Lewis J. Perelman
• Teaching the Three `M's in the New Millennium
• The On-Line Books Page
• Higher Education Service Futures
• Connecting the Learning Society
• Hypertext in Education
• Geographic Thought: A Study Guide
• Environmental Formation (sic) And Education
• Teaching Geography through the Internet
• Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators - World Geography and Cartography
• Geography 111: Introduction to Physical Geography I
• Geoscience Education Recommended Strategy
• Digital Diploma Mills: The Automation of Higher Education
• Webclass: Why (not) a Web-based classroom?
• The Applied History Research Group - an online history course
• The Industry Standard: Academics Rebel Against an Online Future
• IAT Infobits: an electronic service of the Institute for Academic Technology
• Education Matters
• Brave New U: Knowledge as Commodity at the Virtual Academy
• What is Chaos? An Interactive Online Course for Everyone
• TONIC: The Online Netskills Interactive Course
• Science, Technology and Society - Online course
• Interskills - A University of Future Skills
• Invading the Ivory Tower: Hypertext and the New Dilletante Scholars
• Geography Education Links
• The Future of Higher Education in a Global Context
• How to Research Online
• Using Online Information Resources
• Perspectives on Teaching Geography Through Information and Communication Technology
• Higher Education -- From Industrial Age to Information Age Education
• A Case Study In E-Journal Developments
• The Computer Delusion
• GeoWorld - The Geography Educator's World
• Geography Listservs
• Culture: The New Dimension: Keynote address given at the conference 'The Global University - A 21st Century View'
• Internet as Place: Online Learning Communities
• Higher Ed and Higher Tech
• Teaching in the New Millennium
• The Transformation of Higher Education through Technology-Assisted Learning: Arizona Learning Systems
• Creating Learning Communities
• Classroom 2000 - Our mission is to study the design and impact of ubiquitous computing in education and the impact technology has in improving education.
• Geographic Education and Public Policy - An address by Harm de Blij before the NCGE Opening Session, Gardner Auditorium, Massachusetts State House, Wednesday, November 3, l999
• Barbara Lepanis Paper - "Information Literacy" - We are all becoming learners as knowledge navigators, learning just-in-time and at the place of our choice, through a technological infrastructure which includes computer, email, Internet and telephone - and soon assisted by our electronic research assistants, the Intelligent Agent. This new paradigm is forcing a redesign of our education and training systems on a global scale. We are also developing a different view of ourselves.
• Geography Online: Geographic Research on the Web
• Upside Down and Inside Out: A Challenge to Redesign Education Systems to Fit the Needs of a Learning Society - New forms of education await development through exploiting the new insights emerging from an ever increasing array of research into just how it is that people learn-how-to-learn (and thereby develop real understanding and transferable skills), and then merging these insights with best practice from around the world. If learning is the critical issue for the future, and not simply more schooling, then a transformation of the life of the community is as essential as any restructuring of formal educational arrangements.
• Internet for Schools: News in Action: Geography
• Educational Virtual Environments in Environmental Education - The purpose of the study described in this paper is to investigate the attitude of education students toward virtual reality as a tool in the educational procedure, and toward virtual learning environments in specific disciplines.
• Quick Guide to the Virtual Geography Department - Work has begun on a project to interlink the curricula of geography departments both nationally and internationally using the Internet and World Wide Web.
• Canadian Geography Resources - Links to resources on Canadian geography. Aimed at teachers, pupils and general public. Links to maps, weather, statistics, the Arctic, Nunavut, the environment, etc.
• Distance Education Report: The Death of Distance and the Rise of the Network - In the next few years, it is expected that highly distributed wireless computer/telecommunication hybrids will add another layer of complexity by further distributing learning from schools and homes to any location in the world where one can access the Internet by a palm-size or laptop device. We will watch and report these trends, as they may develop, to keep you abreast of trends at the forefront of distance and distributed teaching and learning.
• Everything You Wanted To Know About Using The Internet - Using The Internet is designed to provide you with information on all aspects of the internet, including how to download files, use email, publish your own web pages with special information on video conferencing, newsgroups, chatting, images on the web and how to use them in your web pages, the art of netiquette and taking care of yourself and your work on the internet, how to use the internet for research and much more. Just select the topic you would like to know more about.
• Geography World - A very large collection of geography-related links.
• Canadian Council for Geographic Education
• Links to Geography sites
• Course Syllabus for Discover Geography - This is an introductory course that surveys the field of geography and demonstrates the relevance of basic geographic concepts and methodologies.
• The Educational Game Room: Fun while learning through Hypercard Simulations
• CMU Geography and Earth Science Websites - The links are organized around the sequence of topics typically taught in an introductory earth science or physical geography class. Links are also available for environmental science,earth science/geography education, career opportunities, and more. The sites selected are based on image quality, ease with which lesson plans can be developed, organization, authenticity, scope, and format.
• Geographies of the Late 20th Century - Course outline and reading list.
• The web, knowledge management and Universities - The business of universities is all about knowledge. Over the centuries, they have developed a knowledge culture around this business. The rapidly expanding use of technology in teaching and learning, and the transformed economic basis upon which universities are instituted, have caused universities to transform the ways in which knowledge is produced, stored, disseminated, and authorised. The use of internet technologies in particular impacts upon academic knowledge in fundamental ways, breaking traditional knowledge linkages, creating new knowledge management practices and creating new teaching and learning cultures. A strategic approach to knowledge management in universities ­ a shift in focus from means to ends ­ allows purposeful and integrated approaches. The degree to which these changes are informed by strategic reasoning is proposed as an indicator of success. This paper illustrates a case in point.
• Second Nature--Northeast Regional Workshop - Shaping a Sustainable Future: Best Practices in Higher Education - The 2000 Northeast Regional Workshop "Shaping a Sustainable Future: Best Practices in Higher Education" will be the third in this series of workshops highlighting exciting and innovative sustainability programs occurring at higher education institutions across the country. These programs focus on areas of curriculum development, operations, research and community involvement and are transforming the learning experiences of students at these institutions.
• Helping Your Child with Geography - There are certain kinds of information that youngsters need in order to function adequately as competent members of society. One of those areas is geography. Recent studies, even of college students, show that a surprising number of high school and college students have a remarkably poor understanding of geography - even a reasonable understanding of where major cities and countries are located in relation to one another.
• The Corporate-Linked University - Recently, Canadian university campuses have begun to display signs of increasing corporate influence in their affairs. In spite of the recent appearance of these signs, the foundation was laid in the early 1980s for this increasing corporate influence through the shift in government policies and the political effectiveness of groups like the Corporate-Higher Education Forum, the Business Council on National Issues, and the Canadian Manufacturer's Association. However, universities themselves have neither been passive nor helpless in relation to these external pressures. They have been active agents in a process of self-transformation in which budget-based rationalization and corporate linking have been their means of institutional survival. As a consequence, universities are now functioning less as institutions whose essence derives from their educational and scholarly commitments and more as businesses that deliver educational services and produce knowledge-based products.
• Scientific Ideas and Education in the 21st Century - The dominant metaphor for nature and society during the 18th-20th centuries has been mechanical. Our schools today reflect a Newtonian, positivist world view. Schooling is the most conservative of social institutions. It takes about 100 years for scientific theories and ideas to affect the content, processes, and structure of schooling. But the pace of change accelerates. The 20th century has produced a radical shift in scientific concepts of nature, reality, and epistemology: relativity theory, quantum mechanics, the discovery of DNA and, since mid-century, the development of theories of chaos and complexity. While the popular concept of reality in the 20th century has been mechanical, the metaphor for the 21st century is likely to be organic. Public schools have not yet reflected this shift. Every historical period believes itself to be at the pivot of turbulent change. At the dawn of the 21st century we have an especially strong claim to this position. It is evident that recent shifts in our knowledge of nature and ourselves, our ways of knowing, and our technology are rapidly transforming the way we live and learn. One key current scientific idea, emerging from research into what are described as complex adaptive systems, is that human learning is the leading edge of the evolutionary process. This suggests that a concern for learning is likely to become central to our concepts of social development and this will accelerate the transformation of what has been known as the school into a more responsive educational environment.
• The Challenge of Distributed Learning as a New Paradigm for Teaching and Learning - Distance education offers a new format for teaching and learning. In this field, technology offers many promises, but the actual implementation of distance education programs has been fraught with difficulties. Nevertheless, the main challenge is not with content, or method of delivery but with the need for a new pedagogy that takes full advantage of the new media.
• International Network for Learning and Teaching Geography in Higher Education - The mission of INLT is to improve the quality of learning and teaching of geography in higher education internationally. The Purposes of the Network are:
  
  1. To promote innovative, creative, and collaborative research as well as critical reflection on learning and teaching of geography
  2. To facilitate the exchange of materials, ideas, and experiences about learning and teaching of geography and to stimulate international dialog
  3. To create an inclusive international community aimed at raising the profile and status of learning and teaching of geography
• GeographyWeb - Welcome to the official GeographyWeb homepage. Between January 1997 and August 1998, the GeographyWeb project created Internet-based instructional materials and course homepages for Geography Departments at the University of Colorado. We believe the Internet can improve educational practice and student achievement in geography. All lessons herein are freely available to faculty and students anywhere in the world. This homepage contains links to five geography lessons on the Web. You can access these resources by clicking the button that appears below. In addition, the GeographyWeb project funded a study on the diffusion and effects of Internet-based teaching in U.S. college geography.
• Waiting for Thomas Kuhn First Monday and the Evolution of Electronic Journals - What is an electronic scholarly journal? We might simply define it as a digital periodical dedicated to publishing, on the Internet, articles, essays, and analyses that have been read and commented upon initially by a select group of editors and reviewers, to meet a certain arbitrary standard of excellence (as determined by the editors) for a given discipline addressed by the journal itself. The medium distinguishes an electronic scholarly journal from its print counterparts but the process of developing content for both print and electronic peer-review scholarly journals is generally the same. The digital medium allows the editorial process to occur at a faster pace than in print by providing authors with information quickly to revise and otherwise modify their work to meet editorial standards. That electronic medium, in addition, allows for some experimentation in the ways in which authors and their audiences react, although many electronic journals fail to take advantage of these opportunities for debate and discussion.
• GeoSystems Today
• Evaluating Web Resources - A number of writing teachers, librarians, and researchers have prepared guides for evaluating the reliability (and usefulness) of web sites. My own version is written specifically for first-year writing students, and can be printed as a class handout. Other evaluation guides, with different audiences, emphasize different kinds of evaluation.
• Analyzing environments and developing scenarios - College and university leaders are being bombarded by tumultuous forces for change as we go into the twenty-first century: virtual classrooms, global communications, global economies, telecourses, distance learning, corporate classrooms, increased competition among social agencies for scarce resources, pressure for institutional mergers, statewide program review and so on. It is no exaggeration to say that, in total, these forces hold the potential for a radical rethinking of the mission, structure, curriculum, student body, and stakeholder relations of virtually every college and university. In order to plan effectively in this environment, college and university leaders must be able to anticipate the impact of new developments on their institutions and curricular programs. Efficient contextual planning in uncertain times depends on obtaining accurate and continuous intelligence about changes in the institution's external environment.
• Learning in a borderless world - Those who argue that universities have existed for 900 years in their current form and that there is no reason to change miss the point entirely. While their fundamental values - the pursuit of truth, intellectual freedom and an emphasis on the highest possible levels of scholarship - must remain unchanged, the process of transformation is inevitable.
  The process is already well under way, and the manner in which universities fulfil their core functions will change fundamentally over the next decade. The danger is that universities, with huge investments in capital stock and a culture of process-oriented decision-making, will respond slowly to the opportunities that beckon.
  But respond they must. Just as banking, communications, law and other services have become borderless processes, so will the knowledge industry. Universities in North America, Europe and Australia are already offering degree programs direct to students beyond the boundaries of the nation state. Using the new communications technologies, they can advertise, enrol and teach individual students in any country and without a physical presence.
  Economic imperatives are driving nations closer together to the extent that many of the traditional indicators of national performance, such as long-term unemployment and exchange rates, are virtually irrelevant. The globalisation of economies means that many events and indicators within national boundaries are outside the control of national governments.
  The potential demand for international higher eduction - for a cosmopolitan understanding as well as local knowledge - is immense. Economics and technology have effectively brought an end to autarky; practically all societies participate, and compete, in the international arena. Human needs are defined more generously - educational equity now implies the need for mass higher education, preferably of a high quality.
  Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States have well-developed higher education and training systems which are vast repositories of knowledge. Yet in the Asia Pacific region - the fastest growing region in human history - there are severe skills shortages because national governments do not have the resources to invest in the infrastructure required for a huge expansion of education and training systems. Trade in educational services is a logical outcome. We have the technology to replace the short-term migration of students by a whole range of less expensive and socially less disruptive learning situations. While the impact of the new technologies is inevitable, they are not necessarily uniformly beneficial. One danger is the risk of cultural dominance of the Western world and its inability to appreciate the sensitivities and values of other cultures.
• Academic Shovelware - A few months ago, I was in a meeting with a man who was both a director of his university's distance-education program and an adviser to a teaching institute on the campus. We were discussing the future of on-line learning. I discovered, to my fascination, that we had very different visions.
  He stated categorically that all of the pedagogical material necessary to deliver resources through a computer was already in hand; our task was merely to translate the material already assembled for various courses into the appropriate format for electronic delivery -- say, over the World-Wide Web. To him, the only issue raised by the Web was that it changed the way a student gained access to material; use of the Web had virtually no pedagogical implications for the nature of the material.
  I was horrified.
  Is that all that the new medium of the Web has to offer us as teachers: translation and redistribution; new access to fundamentally old stuff? Surely there is something more to this revolution. Alas, the typical response of the majority of faculty members and university administrators I have encountered in my wanderings is the same as that of the director of distance education: The Web merely changes access, not pedagogy.
  Curiously, that is just a fresh face on an old issue: How do people react to the opportunities presented by each new medium of communication? Indeed, the behavior we are seeing now was described back in the 1960s by Marshall McLuhan, who noted that new technologies are always used to do old tasks at first, until some driving force causes those technologies to be used in new ways.
• The Web: a classrooom sans walls - The delivery of course material has changed forever as two roads converge: access and animation. Interactive resources can now be delivered into classrooms and dormitories across the world.
• Web Visualization for Teachers - Web Visualization for Teachers was created as an aid for teachers who are exploring the Web as a medium in which to build better metaphors for their students.
• Prizma's Distance Learning Home Page
• Classroom Connect's Connected Teacher - Connected Newsletter
• Geosciences Resources on the Web - I conducted an experiment in a course in Physical Geology that I taught in the fall semester of 1995. What started out to be a few exercises on the Web (an introduction to search engines and visits to Volcano World) soon evolved to more than I had expected (Physical Geology).
  Although I tell myself that I have not produced a course that could be distributed or delivered asynchronously, I have thought a lot about how Web materials can impact higher education and continuing education. Mechanically, it is relatively easy to. Deciding how to take advantage of the Web and avoid a "broadcasting" or formal lecture style, however, proved harder than I originally thought. Part of the dilemma seemed to be tied up in the question of why should I bother to use the Web.
• Distance Learning & Overseas Advising Services - The revolution in digital global telecommunications will affect many aspects of international education as we know it. One manifestation of this revolution is the rapid growth in distance education initiatives among U.S. universities. Although the primary target audience of these programs are the "nontraditional" adult students in the United States, the new Web-based delivery systems, in contrast to the television, satellite, and cable communications used in the past, are not restricted by national boundaries.
• Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - Plymouth-based network for teaching geography and related subjects in higher education. One of 24 subjects centre of the UK Learning and Teaching Support Network (LSTN). The centre aims to be come the hub for learning and teaching information in the three geo subjects and more specifically support curriculum development, disseminate good practices and encourage collaboration between geo-subjects.Current projects described on the web site concentrate on virtual fieldwork, a pollen and plat type guide, reflective learning and team skills. The site further boosts relevant links to other development of learning and teaching projects and discussion lists.
• Digital Technology and its Impact on Education - Many believe a revolution is taking place in education in the way people learn and the way instruction is given. The education community has been hearing of reforms and revolutions for the past few decades, but most of them have been nonexistent or without any long-term merit or real value. Some believe the method of an instructor lecturing while students listen and "absorb" is really the only viable way to teach or learn. About two decades ago, when personal computers started to become affordable, many thought that computers would revolutionize education, that computer-based teaching and learning would become the savior of education and the solution to falling test scores. This has never really happened. Over the past two decades, many teachers have successfully prepared students, some with computers in the classroom and some without. Teachers could avoid computers, either because they chose not to learn how to use them or because they had none in their classroom or school to use. Teachers entering the profession have not been required to understand computational technology in order to graduate from college.
• TUCOWS Macintosh Geography - This section contains programs to help you learn where in the world that country, ocean, canal, desert, etc. is located.
• Spacelink - Geography - Geography is a science that deals with the physical, biological, and cultural features of the Earth's surface. Sites that can be referenced from this page offer photographs, lesson plans and activities, and research in the area of geography.
• Machine Space - This module contains an exercise in which students are asked to consider how much of a city's built environment is occupied by machine space and whether the amount of machine space is correlated with landuse or distance from the city center. The module presents background information on the concept of Machine Space and the effects urbanization has on the environment, then includes step-by-step instructions for conducting a case study near the student's home or school. This module can be adapted to a wide range of grade levels and may be presented as an introductory GIS exercise, although it can be completed without a GIS or computer component.
• Research Paper - Global Postgraduates: The Changing Nature of Postgraduate Supervision
• Human Geography - In partnership with the book, this text-specific Web site provides a forum where professors and students can expand their investigation of human geography.
• The Technoliteracy Challenge: Teaching Globalization Using The Internet - Under fiscal pressure and grappling with technological transformations, more and more universities are attempting to re-invent themselves as flexibly technological institutions for net-working times. The adoption of new instructional technologies poses challenge to universities and education as we know it. This paper considers the educational challenges and opportunities offered by socio-technical networks like the Internet. Using the case of a second year undergraduate course on globalization, it outlines some practical educational possibilities for using the Internet to facilitate and not compromise critical thinking. It suggests that geography educators need to begin developing a critical technoliteracy to respond to our informationally mediated world, a literacy not of mere technical competence but which contextualizes the Internet within a political economy of globalization and deconstructs it as a spectacle and cyber-utopia.
• How the Information Highway can Transform Education: Reflections on McLuhan's Vision - Thirty years ago, Marshall McLuhan published Understanding Media in which he raised many theoretical issues concerning the use of new media. It seemed at the time that electronic media such as television were introducing a set of modalities fundamentally different from those of print media introduced to the West at the time of Gutenberg. Lewis Lapham, in his introduction to a new edition of Understanding Media, has analysed some of the reasons why McLuhan's claims are even more pertinent in 1994 and why, in retrospect, his work seems more prophetic now than when it was first written. The present essay suggests that McLuhans's distinctions have parallels with and are ultimately rooted in alternative approaches to knowledge. There is reason to believe that these distinctions are being affected by new electronic media, in which case the potential consequences of new technologies may well be more fundamental than even McLuhan claimed.
• KU Family of Companies: Knowledge Universe - Knowledge Universe (KU) believes that people and organizations have an almost unlimited power to improve themselves — to realize their own potential. Changes in technology have increased the need for learning, but have also provided new ways to acquire it. In serving the needs of people in what is sometimes called the Knowledge Age, we believe we are addressing some of the major social and business challenges of the 21st century.
  • Physical labor is becoming relatively less important in the information economy, resulting in a growing disparity in wages paid to thosewith differing levels of education.
  • The population is aging in most countries of the developed world, and there will be fewer working-age people to support traditional retirement lifestyles. This means that retirees will need additional training to continue being productive throughout their lives.
  • Skills that used to serve a lifetime now become obsolete in a few years, and people of all ages will continually need to refine and expand their knowledge and skills.
  Knowledge Universe invests in a number of growing areas with a common theme of helping individuals and businesses to realize their full potential.
• Finding and Using Language Translation Resources on the Web - Since the World Wide Web's inception in 1989, more information is available to more people today than at any other time in our history. Such an information-rich environment provides a wealth of opportunities for people around the world to communicate with one another, even if they don't speak the same language. Thanks to translation resources on the Web, people can access information in almost any language.
• Virtual Environments for Education at NDSU - The NDSU WorldWide Web Instructional Committee (WWWIC) is engaged in developing a range of Virtual Environments for Education. These projects span a range of disciplines, from Earth Science to Anthropology, and from Business to Biology. However, all of these projects share a strategy, a set of assumptions, an approach to assessment, and an emerging tool set, which allows each to leverage from the insights and advances of the others.
• The Changing Economy, Information Communication Technology, and New Forms of Business Management: What They Could Mean for Education Systems
• Association of Geographic Information Laboratories - To promote academic teaching and research on GIS by representing the interests of those involved in GI-teaching and research at the national and the European level, and the continuation and extension of existing networking activities.
• The WWW: A Tool To Enhance The Communicative Process - This chapter will explore the role of website forums in creating a new supply of resource material. Through capturing conversations that normally occur in classes and conferences in a semi-permanent format that allows for their asynchronous continuation and promulgation, a computer-mediated communal learning environment can be generated. This inherently fosters a collaborative, critical thinking, and problem solving approach to learning, which fundamentally differs from the more solitary autonomous learning of traditional teaching methods. However, although technology provides the means with which to achieve this, technology is not in itself sufficient. The social aspects of communication have to be adapted to the electronic environment, especially as it lacks the benefits of non-verbal communication. Particular attention needs to be paid to creating a sense of participating in a productive endeavour with your peers, focusing on particular issues, and an understanding that communication in an electronic environment is an evolving practice defined by its users. It is essential to take these factors into account to ensure the success of any Web-forum. These points will be argued with particular reference to the experiences of DeLiberations, a website forum for the development of educational practices across higher education.
• Mr. Brown's Cyber School: Geography, Maps, Atlases, & Flags
• Teletraining Institute - Distance Education Primer - Recent telecommunications developments, particularly integrated voice, video and data systems, as well as satellite and compression technologies, have made distance education a viable alternative to improving access to educational opportunities for learners of all ages, at all levels and in diverse environments.
• Mr. Auger's Website - Encyclopedic number of links. Home page is oriented toward US elementary education, but the site ranges widely over a broad spectrum of topics of general interest.
• Research Articles in Scholarly Electronic Communication - There has been an economic crisis in scholarly publishing since the late 1980's due to the costs of scientific journals rising much faster than both inflation and the growth of library budgets. During the 1990s, some academic research libraries have reduced the number of their journals subscriptions ­ across many disciplines -- by thousands of journals. Many analysts believe that the costs of electronic publishing would be substantially lower than the costs of publishing paper journals. Further, some have argued that electronic publishing would enable not-for-profit organizations, such as universities, to assume the responsibilities of publishing a substantial fraction of the corpus of scholarly journals at relatively lower costs than "for profit" (trade) publishers.

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