Tentative workshop schedule (keyed to outline)

(This is based on a 9am to 5pm day, with lunch break 12:30-
 1:45pm, and tea breaks 10:30-10:45am and 3:15-3:30pm)   
  
Mon morning 22 Apr - 1st half:       Introduction to course (A); Environmental study design (B.1)
Mon morning 22 Apr - 2nd half:      Environmental study design (B.1-5)
Mon afternoon 22 Apr - 1st half:     Environmental study design (B.5-8)
Mon afternoon 22 Apr - 2nd half:    Environmental study design (B.8-10)     
Tue morning 23 Apr - 1st half:        Computer lab "hands-on" experience with Monday's material (A & B)
Tue morning 23 Apr - 2nd half:             "
Tue afternoon 23 Apr - 1st half:      Statistical analysis - univariate models (C.1-3)
Tue afternoon 23 Apr - 2nd half:     Statistical analysis - multivariate models (D.1-5) 
Wed morning 24 Apr - 1st half:       Computer lab "hands-on" experience with Tue afternoon's material (C & D)
Wed morning 24 Apr - 2nd half:             "
Wed afternoon 24 Apr - 1st half:     Discussion with emphasis on case studies provided by participants
Wed afternoon 24 Apr - 2nd half:           "

• Go to books



• Go to papers




















Books


Cochran, W.G. 1963. Sampling techniques, 2nd Ed. Wiley, N.Y. (Still the classic reference on the 
subject.)

Cochran, W.G. 1983. Planning and analysis of observational studies. Wiley, New York. (A nice short 
treatment of principles of design and statistical analysis - including power analysis - for the kinds 
of studies ecologists most commonly do, i.e. studies that are not designed experiments.)
  
Crowder, M.J., and D.J. Hand. 1990. Analysis of repeated measures. Chapman and Hall, London. (This 
is the bible on the subject.  There are worked examples, discussion of procedures as implemented in 
various statistical packages, and discussion of assumptions and consequences of their violation.)

Draper, N.R., and H. Smith. 1981. Applied regression analysis, 2nd Ed. Wiley, New York.  (The bible 
on regression analysis and modelling, examining residuals, nonlinear models, etc.  Worked examples.)

Green, R.H. 1979. Sampling design and statistical methods for environmental biologists. Wiley, N.Y.  
(A "handbook" with examples, univariate and multivariate approaches, my prejudices, and a large 
topic-coded bibliography - now rather out of date. A new book is in prep.)

Edgington, E.S. 1995. Randomization tests, 3rd Ed.  Marcel Dekker, New York. (See comments on Manly 
1991.)

Elliott, J.M. 1977. Some methods for the statistical analysis of samples of benthic invertebrates. FBA 
Sci. Publ. No.25, Windermere, Cumbria, U.K.  (A "best buy".  Good on spatial distributions, sampling 
designs, transformations.)

Harris, R.J. 1985. A primer of multivariate statistics, 2nd Ed. Academic Press, N.Y. (A good 
multivariate stats text and reference, but “primer” is misleading. Don't start with it - start with 
Pielou 1984, Pimentel 1978 or Manly 1994.)

Hunt, R. 1978. Plant growth analysis. Edward Arnold, London.  (Thin soft cover treatment of quantitative 
models of growth and form - generally applicable - not just to plants.)

Jongman, R.H.G., C.J.F. ter Braak and O.F.R. van Tongeren. 1987. Data analysis in community and 
landscape ecology. Pudoc Wageningen, The Hague.  (The latest crazes in statistical analysis 
of biological community data.  The offspring of a mating between a Dutch school and the Cornell 
school.  Trendy methods such as Canonical Correspondence Analysis plus coverage of traditional 
methods such as Principal Components Analysis and analysis of spatial pattern.  Cajo ter Braak 
wrote a statistical package called CANOCO that does most of it.  If you are interested in analysis of 
community data, do not begin with this one.  Read Pielou 1984 or Manly 1994 first.)

Keough, M.J., and B.D. Mapstone. 1995. Protocols for designing marine ecological monitoring programs 
associated with BEK mills. Report No. 11. CSIRO, Canberra. (It’s a book-size report. Excellent coverage 
of general principles and practice of environmental study design. A non-commercially published 
word-of-mouth gem, like Elliott 1977. If you write to CSIRO in Canberra they’ll probably mail you a 
copy for free.)

Kirk, R.E. 1982. Experimental design: procedures for the behavioral sciences. Brooks/Cole, Monterey, 
California.  (Another good reference on experimental and observational study design.  His fans,  who 
tend to be fanatics, always ask "But what does Captain Kirk say?"  (apologies to Trekkies).  One of his 
cleverer efforts is to show how to do "pseudo-F tests" by constructing composite error terms.  SAS will 
sometimes do this for complex designs without being asked. See Winer 1971 or Underwood 1997 for a 
more classical treatment of the subject.)

Legendre, L., and P. Legendre. 1983. Numerical ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam.  (Very thorough 
text/reference. Covers matrix algebra diversity indices, multivariate analyses, time series, matrix 
population models, etc.)

Manly, B.F.J. 1991. Randomization and Monte Carlo methods in biology. Chapman and Hall, London. 
(Randomization tests have largely replaced “nonparametric” tests. This is a good reference to them, 
and Manly’s RT package implements them. Also see Edgington 1995.)

Manly, B.F.J. 1994. Multivariate statistical methods: a primer. Chapman and Hall, London. (Another 
good one is Pielou 1984.)

Mead, R. 1988. Statistical principles for practical applications. Cambridge Univ. Press. (Some say it’s 
the best general reference on principles in study design for applied studies.)

Pielou, E.C. 1984. The interpretation of ecological data. Wiley, N.Y.  (The subtitle is "A primer on
classification and ordination".  It's a good introduction to descriptive multivariate statistics applied 
to ecology. There are clear worked examples. Another good one is Manly 1994.)

Pimentel, R.A. 1978. Morphometrics: The multivariate analysis of biological data.  Kendall/Hunt, 
Dubuque, Iowa.  (A good introduction to multivariate statistics. Measurements on painted turtles feature 
a lot in his examples, hence the title. Lots of errata but good value nonetheless.)

Ripley, B.D. 1981. Spatial statistics. Wiley, New York.  (As the preface says, "This is a guide to the 
analysis of spatial data".  Relevant topics are spatial autocorrelation and how to deal with it, and 
testing hypotheses about spatial patterns of organisms.  See also chapter 7 of Jongman et al. 1987.)

Schmitt, R.J., and C.W. Osenberg. 1996. Detecting ecological impacts caused by human activities. Academic 
Press, New York. (It’s a mixed bag, with chapters by various people. But the people are mostly very good
 - e.g. Stewart-Oaten, Underwood, Keough, Jones & Kaly, Mapstone, Kingsford - and the topics are mostly 
very current and important. I totally disagree with some of it, but that’s OK - some of the chapter 
authors disagree with other chapter authors within the book.)  

Schneider, D.C. 1994. Quantitative ecology: spatial and temporal scaling. Academic Press, San Diego. 
(Nice coverage of how temporal and spatial scales of observations, and of what is being observed, 
influences results and interpretations of studies.)

Seber, G.A.F. 1984. Multivariate observations. Wiley, New York.  (A "bible" for multivariate statistics, 
including the math theory and algorithms that underly it.)

Snedecor, G.W., and W.G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical methods, 8th ed.  Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa.  
(Perhaps the best biologically oriented statistics text.  See Zar 1996 for a more introductory level text.)

Underwood, A.J. 1997. Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using 
analysis of variance. Cambridge Univ. Press. (Finally we have the book which brings together all the 
ecological study design and statistics principles scattered throughout Underwood’s papers. Available in 
soft cover.  You should seriously consider buying it.)

Winer, B.J. 1971. Statistical principles in experimental design, 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.  (One of 
the classics on experimental design, from a social sciences perspective but that doesn’t matter very much.)

Wright, J.F., D.W. Sutcliffe, and M.T. Furse. 2000. Assessing the biological quality of fresh waters: 
RIVPACS and other techniques. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK.  ISBN 
0-900386-62-2

Zar, J.H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis, 3rd Ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.  (Introductory 
biostatistics, and a well-done job.  Besides a good introduction to all the obvious things, there is 
also power analysis, circular distribution statistics (e.g., times of day, stages of the tide, 
directions of animal movement and orientation, etc.), nested ANOVA, and other gems.)







































Papers

  
Carr, M.R. 1996. PRIMER User Manual (Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research), 
Natural Environment Research Council UK. Plymouth, UK. 

Clarke, K.R., and M. Ainsworth. 1993. A method of linking multivariate community structure to 
environmental variables. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 92:205-219. 

Clarke, K. R. and R. H. Green. 1988. Statistical design and analysis for a 'biological effects' study. Mar. 
Ecol. Prog. Ser. 46: 213-226.

Clarke, K.R. and R.M. Warwick. 1994. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis 
and interpretation, Plymouth, UK:Natural Environment Research Council, UK. 

Douglas, M. E., and J. A. Endler. 1982. Quantitative matrix comparisons in ecological and evolutionary 
investigations.  J. Theor. Biol. 99: 777-795. (A great example (Trinidad stream fish) of using 
matrix descriptions of biologicalresponse and various classes of predictor variables and then 
applying Mantel's procedure to such data. The appendix is the worked example.   

Eberhardt, L. L. 1976. Quantitative ecology and impact assessment. J. Envir. Man. 4: 27-70. (A classic that 
should be more famous than it is. Many current issues were considered in this paper two and a half decades 
ago.  I didn’t know this paper when I wrote my 1979 book.) 

Fairweather, P. G. 1991. Statistical power and design requirements for environmental monitoring. Austr. J. 
Mar. Freshw. Res. 42: 555-567.

Field, J.G., K.R. Clarke, and R.M. Warwick. 1982. A practical strategy for analysing multispecies 
distribution patterns. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 8:37-52. (A classic paper on this problem. A cluster 
analysis on the species data is followed by mapping the clusters on environmental variables.
 
Gray, J.S., M. Aschan, M.R. Carr, K.R. Clarke, R.H. Green, T.H. Pearson, R. Rosenberg, and R.M. 
Warwick. 1988. Analysis of community attributes of the benthic macrofauna of Frierfjord/Langesundfjord 
and in a mesocosm experiment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 46:151-165. (Ordination approaches to community 
response to pollution.

Green, R. H. 1984. Statistical and nonstatistical considerations for environmental monitoring studies. 
Environ. Monit. Assessm. 4: 293-301.

Green, R. H. 1989. Power analysis and practical strategies for environmental monitoring. Environm. Res. 50: 
195-205.

Green, R. H. 1993. Application of repeated measures designs in environmental impact and monitoring studies. 
Austr. J. Ecol. 18: 81-98.

Green, R. H. 1993. Relating two sets of variables in environmental studies. In "Multivariate Analysis: 
Future Directions", C.R. Rao, ed, p.151-165. Elsevier, New York. 

Green, R. H. 1994. Aspects of power analysis in environmental monitoring. In “Statistics in Ecology and 
Environmental Monitoring”, D. J. Fletcher and B. F. J. Manly, eds., p. 173-182, Otago Conference Series. 
University of Otago Press, Otago, New Zealand.

Green, R.H., J.M. Boyd, and J.S. Macdonald. 1993. Relating sets of variables in environmental studies: 
the Sediment Quality Triad as a paradigm.  Environmetrics 4:439-457.  (The data analyzed here are from 
Vancouver Harbour.)

Green, R.H., and P. A. Montagna. 1996. Implications for monitoring: study designs and interpretation 
of results. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53:2629-2636. (In the GOOMEX 8-paper set. Three applications to 
GOOMEX data: sediment quality triad, increased error variance as result of impact, future study 
design recommendations.)

Green, R.H. and S. R. Smith. 1997. Sample program design and environmental impact assessment on coral 
reefs. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2: 1459-1464. (Repeated measures design for coral reefs, with 
examples.)

Green, R. H., and R. C. Young. 1993. Sampling to detect rare species. Ecol. Appl. 3: 351-356. (This 
resulted from a request to help with a contract from the U.S. Office of Endangered Species, re. how 
to sample when trying to find such a species in a habitat.  The answer turned out to be simple and 
elegant. The database is unionid molluscs in Tennessee and Virginia rivers.  I have had lots of reprint 
requests for this one.)

Green, R.H., and G.L. Vascotto. 1978. A method for the analysis of environmental factors controlling 
patterns of species composition in aquatic communities. Water Research 12: 583-590. 

Jones, G.P. and Kaly, U.L. 1996. Criteria for selecting marine organisms in biomonitoring studies. 
In: “Detecting Ecological Impacts: Concepts and Applications in Coastal Habitats”, R. J. Schmitt and C. W. 
Osenberg, eds., p. 29-48. Academic, New York.

Kennicutt, M.C., II, R.H. Green, P. Montagna and P.F. Rosigno.  1996.  Gulf of Mexico Offshore Operations 
Monitoring Experiment (GOOMEX), Phase I: sublethal responses to contaminant exposure - introduction 
and review.  Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53:2540-2553.  (See comments on Peterson et al 1996, below.  This 
one is the introductory paper of the 8-paper set.  It presents the overall study design and planned 
statistical analysis, which was my responsibility in the project.)

Mapstone, B. D. 1995. Scalable decision rules for environmental impact studies: effect size, Type I, and 
Type II errors. Ecol. Appl. 5: 401-410.

McDonald, L. L. and W. P. Erickson. 1994. Testing for bioequivalence in field studies: Has a disturbed 
site been adequately reclaimed? In “Statistics in Ecology and Environmental Monitoring”, D. J. Fletcher 
and B. F. J. Manly, eds., p. 183-197, Otago Conference Series. University of Otago Press, Otago, New 
Zealand.

Metcalfe-Smith, J.L., R.H. Green, and L.C. Grapentine. 1996. Influence of biological factors on 
concentrations of metals in the tissues of freshwater mussels (Elliptio complanata and Lampsilis radiata 
radiata) from the St. Lawrence River. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53:205-219. 

Peterman, R. M. 1990. Statistical power analysis can improve fisheries research and management. Can. J. 
Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 2-15.

Peterson, C. H. 1993. Improvement of environmental impact analysis by application of principles derived 
from manipulative ecology: Lessons from coastal marine case studies. Austr. J. Ecol. 18: 21-52.

Peterson, C.H., M.C. Kennicutt, II, R.H. Green, P. Montagna, D.E. Harper, Jr., E.N. Powell, and P.F. 
Rosigno. 1996. Ecological consequences of environmental perturbations associated with offshore hydrocarbon 
production:  a perspective on long-term exposures in the Gulf of Mexico.  Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53:
2637-2654.  (This is the “summary of results & implications” paper, the 8th of an 8-paper set reporting 
the results of a 2-3 year study by a half-dozen principal investigators.  This set of papers has had a 
major impact, and its conclusions are somewhat controversial -- for example that there is no apparent 
biological impact beyond a few hundred meters from drilling platforms.)

Peterson, C.H., L.L. Macdonald, R.H. Green, and W.P. Erickson.  2001.  Sampling design begets conclusions: 
the statistical basis for detection of injury to and recovery of shoreline communities after the Exxon 
Valdez oil spill.  Marine Ecology Progress Series 210: 255-283. (This is a major review paper which will 
be controversial.  Its main theme is that the Exxon-funded study design whatever the intentions were and 
whatever their design’s other virtues, was bound to have low power to detect impacts by the oilspill on 
the biological community.  And it did, in comparison with the government-funded & supervised studies.  Mind 
you, I was Chair of the Statistical Working Group for the latter and Peterson was Chief Scientist, so we 
can’t claim to be disinterested.)

Reynoldson, T.B. 1997. The reference condition: a comparison of multimetric and multivariate 
approaches to assess water quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates. J. North Amer. 
Benthol. Soc. 16: 833-852. 

Reynoldson, T.B., R.C. Bailey, K.E. Day, and R.H. Norris. 1995. Biological guidelines for freshwater 
sediment based on BEnthic Assessment of SedimenT (the BEAST) using a multivariate approach for 
predicting biological state. 
Austr. J. Ecol. 20:198-219. 

Stewart-Oaten, A. 1996. Goals in environmental monitoring. In: “Detecting Ecological Impacts: 
Concepts and Applications in Coastal Habitats”, R. J. Schmitt and C. W. Osenberg, eds., p. 17-27. Academic, 
New York.

Underwood, A. J. 1981. Techniques of analysis of variance in experimental marine biology and ecology. Ann. 
Rev. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol 19: 513-605.

Underwood, A. J. 1991. Beyond BACI: experimental designs for detecting human environmental impacts on 
temporal variations in natural populations. Austr. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 42: 569-587.

Underwood, A. J. 1992. Beyond BACI: the detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but 
variable, world. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 161: 145-178.

Underwood, A. J. 1993. The mechanics of spatially replicated sampling programmes to detect environmental 
impacts in a variable world. Austr. J. Ecol. 18: 99-116..

Underwood, A. J. 1994. Things environmental scientists (and statisticians) need to know to receive (and 
give) better statistical advice. 33-61.

Underwood, A. J. 1994. On beyond BACI: sampling designs that might reliably detect environmental 
disturbances. Ecol. Appl. 4: 3-15.

Underwood, A. J. 1997. Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis of 
variance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 

Walters, C.J. and R.H. Green. 1997.  Valuation of experimental management options for ecological systems.  
J. Wildl. Man. 61(4):987-1006.  (Roughly bashed together during a sabbatical period I spent at UBC, then 
finished by back-and-forth fax and email.  Walters and I come from opposite philosophical directions re. 
estimation vs. testing, and Bayesian vs. Fisherian.  This paper is an attempt to reconcile these 
philosophically different approaches in ecological applications.)

Warwick, R.M. 1993. Environmental impact studies on marine communities: pragmatical considerations. 
Austr. J. Ecol. 18:63-80. (Reviews a variety of multivariate approaches and constraints.)

Wright, J.F. 1995. Development and use of a system for predicting the macroinvertebrate fauna in 
flowing waters. Austr. J. Ecol. 20: 181-197. 

Wright, J.F., D. Moss, P. Armitage, and M.T. Furse. 1984. A preliminary classification of running-
water sites in Great Britain based on macro-invertebrate species and the prediction of 
community type using environmental data. 
Freshw. Biol. 14: 221-256. 

N.B. - click here for a webpage with references to power analysis.




Statistical analysis software

We will mainly use Minitab as the statistical software in this workshop. You can click on the link to Minitab and you will go to their website. There is a good description of Minitab and its features, and there is a "demo" version you can download. In many years of teaching courses and running workshops all over the world I have found that Minitab offers the best mix of an easy learning curve, an intuitive format and syntax, and a powerful capability. Statisticians praise the quality of its implementation of methods, and unlike some other statistical packages it tends to be fairly bug-free. It has tended to be slow in including some capabilities (ANOVA, multivariate methods, and graphics used to be nonexistent or pitiful) but when it does add them they are very well done. You can write "macros" (programs consisting of Minitab commands) to automate often-used sequences of analyses. Each participant will be given a diskette containing data and macros for the hands-on computer lab sessions, and for using to save analysis results. Participants can keep their diskettes after the workshop.






















































Short professional  resume - Roger H. Green
                           
Academic qualifications:
- Bachelor of Science in Biology, College of William & Mary, 1961
- Ph.D. in Zoology, Cornell University, 1965
- Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Queensland, 1965-66
- Resident Ecologist, Marine Biological Lab, Woods Hole, 1966-68
- Asst. and Assoc. Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, 1968-76                                         
- Assoc. Professor and Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario,
   1977-99
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, 1999-

Publications:
- 56 papers in refereed journals
- 23 papers in refereed conference or workshop proceedings
- 1 book: Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists. 1979. 
   Wiley, New York.
- 1 book in prep: Environmental Study Design and Analysis: Principles and Examples.
   Wiley, New York.
- 8 contributions to a book or document
- 4 invited book reviews

Invited contributions to conferences or workshops (since 1997):
- International Conference on Ecology of Estuaries, Deakin University, Victoria,
   Australia, February 1997
- Aquatic Toxicity Workshop, Niagara Falls, Ontario, November 1999
- Half-day workshop on design and statistical analysis of ecological data from a 
   barrier island, University of North Carolina Institute of Marine Sciences, 
   Morehead City, North Carolina, March 1998 
- Workshop on Design of Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Program, Edmonton, Alberta, 
   April 1999
- Ninth Lukacs Symposium on Frontiers of Environmental and Ecological Statistics 
   for the 21st Century, Bowling Green, Ohio, April 1999 (I received an 
   Outstanding Ecologist award)
- Second ASEAN Experts Meeting on Regional Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable 
   Forest Management, Brunei, October 1999
- Asia-Pacific Conference on the Biology of the Environment, Singapore, November
   1999
- Nature Conservancy planning workshop, Monterey, California, December 1999
- Sable Offshore Energy Program workshop, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, March 2000
- American Society of Testing & Materials (ASTM) conference, special session on 
   biomonitoring, April 2000
- Fisheries & Oceans Canada/Ministry of Natural Resources Ontario Workshop on 
   environmental monitoring of fish habitat, March 2001
- U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored Conference on Environmental Statistics,
   Seattle, Washington, June 2001
- Keynote speaker at workshop on Offshore Oil & Gas Environmental Effects Monitoring 
   sponsored by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Program for Energy Research and 
   Development, and the Atlantic Canada Petroleum Institute, Halifax, May 2003

Workshops I organized, and other external teaching and academic duties (since 1997):
- External examiner for School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of 
   Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 1996-1997
- Workshop on Design and Statistical Approaches to Applied Studies with Emphasis on
   Multivariate Methods, Singapore Institute of Biology and Department of Biological 
   Sciences National University of Singapore, Singapore, March 1999
- Workshop on Environmental Study Design and Statistics, Vancouver, BC, April 2001
- Workshop on Multivariate Analysis in Environmental Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 
	January 2002

Graduate and postdoctoral students supervised:
  - Masters students: 15 completed
  - Ph.D. students: 8 completed 
  - Postdoctoral students: 3 completed
 
Research grants & contracts through University of Western Ontario since 1997:
- Research grants from Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada, 
   for studies on freshwater and marine benthic communities, to 2003

Consulting services provided (since 1997):
- Attorney General's Office State of California - advising and expert witness on 
   design and statistical analysis of results from environmental monitoring of Diablo 
   Canyon Power Plant cooling water intake and discharge system (1995-97)
- Natural Resources Canada (CANMET) - advising on sampling design and statistical 
   analysis in the Aquatic Effects Technology Evaluation Program re. monitoring 
   environmental impacts of mine effluents (1996-99)
- Jacques Whitford Ltd. (Nfld) - participated in St. Johns Nfld workshop on design of
   environmental monitoring for Terra Nova oilfield project, Grand Banks of Nfld 
   (June 1997)  
- Martec Ltd. - advised re. design of, assisted with statistical analysis & 
   interpretation for, and helped prepare reports on environmental effects monitoring 
   re. inshore portion of underwater gas pipeline from the Sable offshore field to the 
   Nova Scotia shore (1998- )
- Jacques Whitford Ltd. (Nova Scotia) - advised re. design of, assisted with 
   statistical analysis & interpretation for, and helped prepare reports on 
   offshore field environmental monitoring design for Sable Offshore Energy Program 
   (1998- ) 
- Department of Land, Water and Environmental Conservation, State of New South Wales,
   Australia - advising on design of long-term monitoring program for large inland 
   rivers (1998)
- LGL Ltd/U.S. Minerals Management  Service - advising on design and analysis for study 
   on feeding by bowhead whales on the Alaska north slope adjacent to the Beaufort Sea 
   (1998- )
- RL&L Environmental Services, Castlegar, British Columbia - analysis and modeling 
   of temperature data for an impoundment on the Columbia River in British Columbia 
   (1999-2000)
- Regional Centre for Forest Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - reviewing documents
   and advising on design aspects of managing SE Asian forests to maintain biodiversity, 
   and periodic reviewing and advising re. environmental concerns & forest management 
   practice (1999- )
- University of Guelph, Ontario Hydro, and Chippewa First Nation - member of Advisory
   Committee for project on "Whitefish Interactions with Nuclear Generating Stations" 
   (2000- )
- Ontario Ministry of Environment, reviewer of research document on mine-waste 
   contamination in Moira River (2000)
- Assisted with statistical analysis of Ph.D. research data on Malayan monitor lizards
   at Sungei Buloh Nature Park, Singapore (2000-01)
- International Council for Science, member of UN scientific panel assessing impact of
   uranium mining near Kakadu National Park, Australia - a World Heritage Site (2000)
- Alberta Ministry of Environment, Terrestrial Environmental Effects Monitoring program,
   re. statistical issues related to compositing of samples prior to chemical analysis
   (2000-2001).
- Analysis of migratory bird data for Sungei Buloh Nature Par, Singapore, and ecological
   studies of marine biota (2001- )
- Visiting Professor with Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti 
   Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, May 2001 - May 2002. 

March 2002