Insect Low Temperature Biology
The Sinclair Lab at UWO

Publications - Brent Sinclair
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 These Publications represent my output prior to coming to Western.  For recent publications, see the lab's publications page.  Most of these may be downloaded from the journal's website, or contact me for a reprint/.pdf.

Peer-reviewed Journal Publications

2006

Deere, J.A., Sinclair, B.J., Marshall, D.J. & Chown, S.L. (2006) Phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerances in five oribatid mite species from sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Journal of Insect Physiology 52: 693-700.

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2006) Caterpillars benefit from thermal ecosystem engineering by Wandering Albatrosses on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Biology Letters 2: 51-54.

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2006) Rapid cold-hardening in a Karoo beetle, Afrinus sp. Physiological Entomology 31: 98-101.

Sinclair, B.J., Scott, M.B., Klok, C.J., Terblanche, J.S., Marshall, D.J., Reyers, B. & Chown, S.L.  (2006) Determinants of terrestrial arthropod community composition at Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 18: 303-312.

Sinclair, B.J. & Stevens, M.I. (2006) Terrestrial microarthropods of Victoria Land and Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica: implications of climate change.  Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38: 3158-3170.

Sinclair, B.J., Terblanche, J.S., Scott, M.B., Blatch, G., Klok, C.J. & Chown, S.L. (2006) Environmental physiology of three species of springtail at Cape Hallett, North Victoria Land, Antarctica. Journal of Insect Physiology 52: 29-50.

2005

Parr, C.L., Sinclair, B.J., Anderson, A.N., Gaston, K.J. & Chown, S.L. (2005) Constraint and competition in assemblages: a cross-continental and modelling approach for ants.  American Naturalist 165: 481-494.

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2005) Deleterious effects of repeated cold exposure in a sub-Antarctic caterpillar.  Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 869-879.

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2005) Climatic variability and hemispheric differences in insect cold tolerance: Support from southern Africa. Functional Ecology 19: 214-221.

Sinclair, B.J. & Roberts, S.P.  (2005) Acclimation, shock and hardening in the cold. Journal of Thermal Biology 30: 557-562.

Terblanche, J.S., Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C.J., McFarlane, M.L. & Chown, S.L. (2005) The effects of acclimation on thermal tolerance, desiccation resistance and metabolic rate in Chirodica chalcoptera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 51: 1013-1023.

2004

Chown, S.L., Sinclair, B.J., Leinaas, H.P. & Gaston, K.J. (2004) Hemispheric asymmetries in biodiversity – A serious matter for ecology.  PLoS Biology  2: 1701-1707.

Klok, C. J., Sinclair, B. J. & Chown, S.L. (2004) Upper thermal tolerance and oxygen-limitation in terrestrial arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 2361-2370.

Nondula, N., Marshall, D.J., Baxter, R., Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2004) Life history and osmoregulatory ability of Telmatogeton amphibius (Chironomidae) at Marion Island.  Polar Biology 27: 629-635.

Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C.J & Chown, S.L. (2004) Metabolism of the sub-Antarctic caterpillar Pringleophaga marioni during cooling, freezing and thawing. Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 1287-1294. (Featured article)

Sinclair, B.J., Marshall, D.J., Singh, S., & Chown, S.L. (2004) Cold tolerance of Littorinidae from Southern Africa: Intertidal snails are not constrained to freeze tolerance. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 174: 617-624.

Williams, C.M., Poulin, R. & Sinclair, B.J. (2004) Increased haemolymph osmolality suggests a new route for behavioural manipulation of Talorchestia quoyana (Amphipoda: Talitridae) by its mermithid parasite. Functional Ecology 18: 685-691.

2003

Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C.J., Scott, M.B., Terblanche, J.S. & Chown, S.L. (2003) Diurnal variation in supercooling points of three species of Collembola from Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Journal of Insect Physiology 49: 1049-1061.

Sinclair, B.J., Vernon, P., Klok, C.J. & Chown, S.L. (2003) Insects at Low Temperatures: An Ecological Perspective.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 257-262.

Sinclair, B.J., Addo-Bediako, A. & Chown, S.L. (2003) Climatic variability and the evolution of insect freeze tolerance. Biological Reviews 78: 181-195.

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2003)  Rapid cold hardening responses to high temperature and desiccation, but not to low temperature in the freeze tolerant sub-Antarctic caterpillar Pringleophaga marioni (Lepidoptera, Tineidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 49: 45-52.

2002

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2002) Haemolymph osmolality and thermal hysteresis activity in 17 species of arthropods from sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Polar Biology 25: 928-933.

Sinclair, B.J. (2002)  Effects of increased temperatures simulating climate change on terrestrial invertebrates on Ross Island, Antarctica.  Pedobiologia 46: 150-160.

Sjursen, H. & Sinclair, B.J. (2002) On the cold hardiness of Stereotydeus mollis (Acari: Prostigmata) from Ross Island, Antarctica. Pedobiologia 46: 188-195.

2001

Sinclair, B.J.  (2001) Biologically relevant environmental data: Macros to make the most of microclimate recordings.  CryoLetters 22: 125-134.  The latest version of these macros is available here.

Sinclair, B.J.  (2001)  Field Ecology of Freeze-Tolerance: Interannual variation in cooling rates, freeze-thaw and thermal stress in the microhabitat of the alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata   Oikos 93: 286-293.

Sinclair, B.J.  (2001) On the distribution of Terrestrial invertebrates at Cape Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica.  Polar Biology 24: 394-400.

Sinclair, B.J., Lord, J.M. & Thompson, C.M. (2001) Microhabitat selection and seasonality of alpine invertebrates. Pedobiologia 45: 107-120.

Sinclair, B.J. & Sjursen, H. (2001) Cold tolerance of the Antarctic springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni (Collembola: Hypogastruridae).  Antarctic Science 13: 271-279.

Sinclair, B.J. & Sjursen, H.  (2001) Terrestrial invertebrate abundance and habitat in Keble Valley, Ross Island, Antarctica. Pedobiologia 45: 134-145.

2000

Sinclair, B.J.  (2000) Water relations of the freeze-tolerant New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera: Blattidae).  Journal of Insect Physiology 46: 869-876.

1999

Sinclair, B.J.  (1999) Insect cold tolerance: How many kinds of frozen?  European Journal of Entomology 96: 157-164.

Sinclair, B.J., Worland, M.R., & Wharton, D.A.  (1999) Ice nucleation and freezing tolerance in New Zealand alpine and lowland weta, Hemideina spp. (Orthoptera; Stenopelmatidae).  Physiological Entomology 24: 56-63.

1998

Block, W., Wharton, D.A. & Sinclair, B.J.  (1998) Cold tolerance of a New Zealand alpine cockroach, Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera: Blattidae).  Physiological Entomology 23 1-6.

1997

Sinclair, B.J.  (1997) Seasonal variation in freezing tolerance of the New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata.  Ecological Entomology 22:  462-467.

Sinclair, B.J. & Wharton, D.A. (1997) Avoidance of Intracellular Freezing by the New Zealand Alpine Weta Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae).  Journal of Insect Physiology 43: 621-625.

Worland, M.R., Sinclair, B.J. & Wharton, D.A.  (1997) Ice nucleator activity in a New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera: Blattidae).  Cryo-Letters 18: 327-334.

Report Contributions

McCarthy, J. J., Canziani, O. F., Leary, N. A., Dokken, D. J. & White, K. S. (eds). (2001). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptations and Vulnerability.  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Geneva.  (Contributor to Chapter 16: Polar Regions (Arctic and Antarctic), edited by O. Anisimov & B. Fitzharris).

Waterhouse, E. J. (ed.) (2001).  Ross Sea Region 2001: A State of the Environment Report for the Ross Sea Region of Antarctica. Antarctica New Zealand, Christchurch.  (Contributor to Terrestrial Biology Chapter).

Book review

Sinclair, B. J. (2002).  Insect Giants – Out of the Grey.  Review of: Field, L. (ed.) 2001.  The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies, CABI, Oxford. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 26: 91-92.

Invited Seminars

Sinclair, B.J. (2006) Strategies, variations and applications of insect cold tolerance.

             Department of Zoology, University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.

             Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.

             Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.

             Biology Department, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

Sinclair, B.J. (2004) What happens when caterpillars freeze and thaw?

School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

(2005) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

(2005) Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.

(2005) Biology Department, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA.

(2006) Centre for Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Exeter in Cornwall, Falmouth, UK.

(2006) Department of Biology, SUNY New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, USA

Sinclair, B.J. (2003) Insect Cold Tolerance in the Lab, Field, and Future. 

Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA.

Department of Biochemistry and Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, South Africa.

Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C. J., Scott, M.B. & Terblanche, J. S. (2003). Report-back on 2002/03 Antarctic field season. 

Antarctica New Zealand Christchurch Office.

Dept. of Zoology, University of Stellenbosch. 

School of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Durban-Westville, South Africa.

Sinclair, B. J., Addo-Bediako, A. & Chown, S. L.(2001). Why are there so many freeze tolerant insects in the Southern Hemisphere?

Keynote address, Dept. of Zoology, University of Stellenbosch Departmental Research meeting.

Sinclair, B. J. (2001).  Antarctic Springtails: Cold Tolerance, Climate Change and Conservation. 

             Department of Zoology, University of Otago, New Zealand. 

             Université Rennes 1, Station Biologique, Paimpont, France.

Conference Presentations and Posters

Underlined = presenting author, *asterisk marks poster presentations.

Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C.J., Terblanche, J.S., Scott, M.B. & Chown, S.L. (2006). Physiological constraints on the small-scale distribution of three species of Antarctic Collembola. 

Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Orlando, FL, USA.

   Sinclair, B.J. & Roberts, S.P. (2005). 26 easy measures of insect cold tolerance.

             International Symposium on environmental physiology of ectotherms and plants, Roskilde, Denmark.

             White Mountain Research Station physiological ecology meeting, Bishop, CA, USA.

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2005). Climatic variability and hemispheric differences in insect cold tolerance: Support from southern Africa.

             Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, San Diego, CA, USA.

Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C.J. & Chown, S.L. (2004). Metabolism of the sub-Antarctic caterpillar Pringleophaga marioni during cooling, freezing and thawing.

*3rd International Conference of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry in Africa, Ithala, South Africa. 

XXII International Congress of Entomology, Brisbane, Australia.

Chown, S.L., Sinclair, B.J. & Klok, C.J. (2004). Insect Cold Hardiness: phylogenetic signal, ecological pattern and evolutionary implications.

3rd International Conference of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry in Africa, Ithala, South Africa.

Klok, C.J., Terblanche, J.S., Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2004).  Critical Thermal Limits: new insights from respirometry.

3rd International Conference of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry in Africa, Ithala, South Africa.

Chown, S.L., Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C.J., & Mercer, R.D. (2004). Physiological flexibility and biological responses to climate change. 

Shipboard science seminar, SA Agulhas Voyage 115, Marion Island relief April 2004.

Sinclair, B.J., Addo-Bediako, A. & Chown, S.L. (2004). Biogeography and climatic variability as drivers of terrestrial arthropod cold tolerance strategies: Is the cold different in the Southern Hemisphere?

Southern Connections IV, Cape Town, South Africa.

Chown, S.L., Klok, C.J., Sinclair, B.J. & Terblanche, J.S. (2003). Physiological flexibility and biological responses to climate change. 

Climate Change Symposium, National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.

Parr, C.L., Sinclair, B.J., Andersen A.N., Robertson, H.G. & Chown, S.L. (2003). Competition and the regulation of ant assemblages: Convergence of pattern and mechanism across multiple scales.

British Ecological Society Annual Meeting. Manchester, U.K.

Southern Connections IV, Cape Town, South Africa (2004).

Sinclair, B.J., Klok, C.J., Scott, M.B., Terblanche, J.S. & Chown, S.L. (2003). Diurnal SCP variation in collembola at Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 

*VIII International Symposium on Cold Hardiness of Animals and Plants, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2003). Rapid Cold Hardening in the sub-Antarctic caterpillar Pringleophaga marioni. 

Zoological Society of Southern Africa.  Cape Town, South Africa.

Klok, C.J., Terblanche, J.S., Sinclair, B.J. & Chown, S.L. (2003).  Thermal limit respirometry in Tsetse. 

Zoological Society of Southern Africa.  Cape Town, South Africa.

Scott, M.B., Dickinson, K.J.M, Barratt, B.I.P. & Sinclair, B.J. (2001) Winter microclimates and the distribution of invertebrates within alpine hummock formations. 

*5th Invertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation Conference, Adelaide, Australia.

Sinclair, B. J., Addo-Bediako, A. & Chown, S. L.(2001). Why are there so many freeze tolerant insects in the Southern Hemisphere?

IV European Workshop on Invertebrate Ecophysiology, St Petersburg, Russia.

Sinclair, B. J. & Sjursen, H. (2001).  Cold tolerance of the Antarctic Springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni.

*VIII SCAR International Biology Symposium, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Sinclair, B. J.  (2000). Winter ecology of the New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata. 

Temp2000 - VII International Symposium on Cold hardiness in Animals and Plants, Victoria, BC, Canada.  CryoLetters 21: 198.

Sinclair, B. J.  (2000). Winter and the alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata: A stressful time of life? 

New Zealand Postgraduate Life Sciences Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand.

The Miss E. L. Hellaby Indigenous Grasslands Research trust Tenth Seminar, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Sinclair, B. J. (2000).  Why are there so many freeze tolerant insects in the Southern Hemisphere? 

Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation Research Group Evolutionary Ecology Symposium, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Sinclair, B. J.  (1998).  Cloche experiments at high latitudes: Investigating microarthropod response to elevated temperatures at Cape Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica. 

*SCAR VII Biology Symposium, Christchurch, New Zealand.  Abstract: New Zealand Natural Sciences 23 (Supplement): 185. 

*New Zealand Ecological Society and Ecological Society of Australia joint meeting, Dunedin New Zealand.

Sinclair, B. J.  (1998).  Insect cold tolerance: How many kinds of frozen? 

Third European Workshop on Invertebrate Ecophysiology.  Birmingham, U.K.

Sinclair, B. J.  (1997).  Microhabitat selection by arthropods on the Rock and Pillar Range:  A consumer’s guide to choosing a rock. 

The Miss E. L. Hellaby Indigenous Grasslands Research Trust Ninth Seminar, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Sinclair, B. J.  (1996).  Moving South: Arthropods in New Zealand Alpine and Antarctic Environments. 

*International Workshop on Polar Desert Ecosystems, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Sinclair, B. J. & Wharton, D. A.  (1996).  The freezing-tolerant insect Hemideina maori:  Where’s the Ice? 

*VI International symposium on Cold Hardiness in Animals and Plants, Copenhagen, Denmark.Cryo-Letters 18, 13.

Science Communication

Public Talks

Sinclair, B.J. (2002). Polar and alpine adventures.  Mountain Club of South Africa Stellenbosch Section.

Sinclair, B.J. (2001). Ecology and Physiology of New Zealand Alpine Insects. Forest and Bird Otago Branch.

Sinclair, B. J.  (2000). The Compleat Polar Entomologist.  Otago Section of the New Zealand Alpine Club.

Sinclair, B. J.  (2000). Antarctic Entomology.  Otago Tramping and Mountaineering Club; Entomological Society of New Zealand Otago Branch.

Sinclair, B. J.  (1999). Overwintering Ecology of Otago’s Alpine Cockroaches.  The Entomological Society of New Zealand Otago Branch.

Sinclair, B. J.  (1997). Lifestyles of the Cold and Crunchy.  The Entomological Society of New Zealand Otago Branch.

Popular Science Writing

Sinclair, BJ. (in press). Cold Hardiness. In: Riffenburgh, B. (ed.) Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Routledge: New York.

Sinclair, B.J. & Terblanche, J.S. (2004). On Ice. Men’s Health (South African Edition), April – 180-186.

Sinclair, B.J. (2003). Icy Resilience the Key to Survival in Antarctica’s Land Animals. Science in Africa http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2003/november/springtail.htm

Sinclair, B. J.  (2000). Antarctica: Realm of the Springtail.  New Zealand Alpine Journal 113-114.

Sinclair, B. J. (1998). Lifestyles of the cold and crunchy.  Australasian Science 19(9): 30-32.

Sinclair, B. J. (1996).  Feature Creature:  The Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus   Star Weekender 1 September 1996.

Television Programme Involvement

One day of filming for Natural History New Zealand Limited/National Geographic documentary ‘Iceworlds’.

Two days of filming and advice for Danish Television production ‘Viden Om’.

Advice for segment of ‘What Now?’  16 April 2000. Television New Zealand.

‘Frozen Wetas’ Get Real 27 May 1996.  Taylormade productions/Television New Zealand.

Printed and News Media Involvement

Press releases and associated newspaper articles in South Africa and New Zealand associated with 2002/03 Antarctic trip.

Title page story: 'Research Update'.  National Geographic Magazine, February 2001.

‘Chilling Out in Antarctica’.  Earth Almanac.  National Geographic Magazine, July 2000.

 ‘Rock and Pillar Weta freezes solid in winter’.  Neville Peat.  Otago Daily Times Wednesday Magazine, 14 August 1996.